3d Printers

Rapid prototyping 3D printers 3D printing  is a form of  additive manufacturing  technology where a  three dimensional  object is created by laying down successive layers of material. 3D printers are generally faster, more affordable and easier to use than other additive manufacturing technologies. 3D printers offer product developers the ability to print parts and assemblies made of several materials with different mechanical and physical properties in a single build process. Advanced 3D printing technologies yield models that closely emulate the look, feel and functionality of product prototypes.A 3D printer works by taking a 3D computer file and using and making a series of cross-sectional slices. Each slice is then printed one on top of the other to create the 3D object. The cost of 3D printers has declined. The technology also finds use in the jewellery, footwear,  industrial design, architecture, engineering and construction (AEC), automotive, aerospace, dental and medical industries. A large number of competing technologies are available to do 3D printing. Their main differences are found in the way layers are built to create parts.Some methods use melting or softening material to produce the layers (SLS, FDM) where others lay liquid materials that are cured with different technologies. In the case of lamination systems, thin layers are cut to shape and joined together. Selective laser sintering  (SLS) Selective laser sintering  (SLS) is an additive manufacturing technique that uses a high power  laser  (for example, a  carbon dioxide laser) to fuse small particles of  plastic,  metal  (Direct Metal Laser Sintering),  ceramic, or  glass  powders into a mass that has a desired 3-dimensional shape.The laser selectively fuses powdered material by scanning cross-sections generated from a 3-D digital description of the part (for example from a  CAD  file or scan data) on the surface of a powder bed. After each cross-secti on is scanned, the powder bed is lowered by one layer thickness, a new layer of material is applied on top, and the process is repeated until the part is completed. Compared to other methods of additive manufacturing, SLS can produce parts from a relatively wide range of commercially available powder materials.These include  polymers  such as  nylon, (neat, glass-filled or with other fillers) or  polystyrene, metals including  steel,  titanium, alloy mixtures, and composites and  green sand. The physical process can be full  melting, partial melting, or liquid-phase  sintering. And, depending on the material, up to 100% density can be achieved with material properties comparable to those from conventional manufacturing methods. In many cases large numbers of parts can be packed within the powder bed, allowing very high productivity. SLS is performed by machines called SLS systems.SLS technology is in wide use around the world due to its ability to easily make very complex geometries directly from digital  CAD  data. While it began as a way to build  prototype  parts early in the design cycle, it is increasingly being used in  limited-run manufacturing  to produce end-use parts. One less expected and rapidly growing application of SLS is its use in art. [pic] The picture above is made using SLS and is a very intricate design which would be very difficult to imagine if it was only drawn on paper. Digital Light Processing (DLP)In  DLP, or Digital Light Processing, a vat of liquid polymer is exposed to light from a DLP projector under  safelight  conditions. The exposed liquid polymer hardens. The build plate then moves down in small increments and the liquid polymer is again exposed to light. The process repeats until the model is built. The liquid polymer is then drained from the vat, leaving the solid model. The  ZBuilder Ultrais an example of a DLP rapid prototyping system Laminated object manufacturing (LOM) Laminated obj ect manufacturing  (LOM) is a  rapid prototyping  system developed by Helisys Inc. Cubic Technologies is now the successor organization of Helisys) In it, layers of adhesive-coated  paper,  plastic, or  metal  laminates are successively glued together and cut to shape with a knife or  laser cutter. The process is performed as follows: 1. Sheet is adhered to a substrate with a heated roller. 2. Laser traces desired dimensions of prototype. 3. Laser cross hatches non-part area to facilitate waste removal. 4. Platform with completed layer moves down out of the way. 5. Fresh sheet of material is rolled into position. 6. Platform moves up into position to receive next layer. 7. The process is repeated.Note: †¢ Low cost due to readily availability of raw material †¢ Paper moulds have wood like characteristics, and may be worked and finished accordingly †¢ Dimensional accuracy is slightly less than that of  Stereolithography  and  Selective laser sinter ing  but no milling step is necessary. †¢ Relatively large parts may be made, because no chemical reaction is necessary. [pic] The above picture shows how intricate objects con be made by LOM. Fused deposition modelling  (FDM) Fused deposition modelling  (FDM) is an additive manufacturing technology commonly used for modelling, prototyping, and production applications.FDM works on an â€Å"additive† principle by laying down material in layers. A plastic filament or metal wire is unwound from a coil and supplies material to an  extrusion  nozzle which can turn on and off the flow. The nozzle is heated to melt the material and can be moved in both horizontal and vertical directions by a numerically controlled mechanism, directly controlled by acomputer-aided manufacturing  (CAM) software package. The model or part is produced by extruding small beads of thermoplastic material to form layers as the material hardens immediately after extrusion from the nozzle.Sev eral materials are available with different trade-offs between strength and temperature properties. As well as  acrylonitrile butadiene styrene  (ABS) polymer,  polycarbonates,  polycaprolactone,  polyphenylsulfones  and waxes, a â€Å"water-soluble† material can be used for making temporary supports while manufacturing is in progress, this soluble support material is quickly dissolved with specialized mechanical agitation equipment utilizing a precisely heated  sodium hydroxide  solution. [pic] In the picture above the support material is easy recognised and can be broken away easily.

The Development of a Perfect Process Analysis Essay

The Development of a Perfect Process Analysis - Essay Example The writing of essays depends on the topic of choice and the level of interest. The general writing principles of an essay and academic documentation are vital because it is the basis for effective writing. During the introduction to academic writing, several issues were highlighted that were vital in the development of good essays. My personal writing skills development is integral for both academic pursuit and improvement of essay writing capability. Since joining the university, I have been able to develop my language and writing skills. Initially, the understanding of the various issues of writing was a challenge, but due to openness, I have been able to achieve success in improving my writing skills. During the course, I learned several issues that are integral to the writing process. Among the issues highlighted in the course are the different types of essays that exist in the writing process. There are four main types of essays that could be written namely; expository essay, Narrative essay, argumentative essay, and persuasive essay. The four categories of essay offer a diverse approach to writing which includes the presentation of ideas using different fonts. The expository essay is an essay written to explain or describe the topic. These essays include the presentation of methodologies such as how to replace a bulb or how to do something. The expository essay is common when dealing with the explanation of a process. For instance, when an author writes about an invention and the process that innovation employs, he writes an expository essay. The expository essay includes analyzing a topic and developing a conclusive analysis of the topic. It relates to the narrative essay, but the difference is in the analysis part. Narrative essays employ the use of storytelling techniques. The narrative essay does not try to explain the reason for the occurrence but records the occurrence.

Demerests Knowledge Management Model and Others Research Paper

Demerests Knowledge Management Model and Others - Research Paper Example The Knowledge Category Model categorises knowledge into discrete elements. The most renowned of these models is the model by Nonaka and Takeuchi, The Knowledge Spiral Model. In this model, there are some assumptions that have been made. The first assumption is that tacit knowledge can be transferred to others and become their tacit knowledge through the process of socialisation. The second assumption is that through externalisation, tacit knowledge can become explicit knowledge. The third assumption is that through internalisation, explicit knowledge can be converted to tacit knowledge. The fourth and the last assumption is that combination helps in making our explicit knowledge of the explicit knowledge of others. Another model in this category is that of Boisot, 1998. There are four characteristics of this model when knowledge is codified and un-diffused than it is propriety knowledge, it is basically on a need to know basis. The second characteristic is that when knowledge is un-c odified and un-diffused it is a piece of personal knowledge. The third type of knowledge according to this model is public knowledge and this is codified and diffused. The last type of knowledge is common sense. The second category of Knowledge Management is Intellectual Capital Models. The model assumes that intellectual capital can be broken down into two categories: human capital and organisational or structural capital. The third category of Knowledge Management is Socially Constructed Models. In this model, knowledge is linked with the social and learning process of the organisation.  

Potential grows for food crisis as prices surge Essay

Potential grows for food crisis as prices surge - Essay Example Point where this demand and supply meets determines the equilibrium price level at given point in time (Leamer, 2009). (Arnold, 2008) Agricultural goods demand and supply and its respective equilibrium price are largely intervened by government due to many factors such as maintaining farmers’ income stream etc. It is done by restricting supply by restricting the overall production per acreage, restricting export to certain countries, increasing tariffs, restricting price over and above equilibrium( floor price) etc. Figure below explains demand supply scenario that increases price due to supplier responding to international demand. Initially with given demand D and supply S in a country, the price is determined at equilibrium P. In case of issues in other countries such as drought etc and the country in discussion starts exporting agricultural goods to them, the supply curve shifts in the local market from S to S’. At the current point where local demand in the country is D and the supply squeezes from S to S’, the price in the local market increases from P to P1. Demand from other countries increases and the curve shifts from D to D’ towards right. The supply curve also sifting from S to S’ with supply distributed between local and international market, the new price determined will be P2. This new price is high above then price determined based on local market demand. The supplier to get benefit of this increased demand responds to the international demand, hence neglecting local demand (Mankiw, 2009). To mention as evident from the above figure, it is visible that demand curve had a greater shift towards right as it is incorporating the increased demand from the other countries in trouble, hence causing greater shift in price. The supply curve on the other hand had smaller shift due to inelastic in nature causing comparatively less shift in price (O'Sullivan and Sheffrin, 2003). The scenario can also be reverse as in case t he surplus supplies overall worlds is enough to meet the demand. These cause huge variations in the income of farmers, increased supplies causes decline in prices that negatively affects farmers’ situation whereas shortage cause inflated prices and disadvantage to buyer. To control this variation in pricing, government of different countries intervenes in the market and control the supply with restrictions exports and increased tariffs on exports or even bans that maintain the price level in local market (Brickley and Zimmerman, 2009). Whereas to control the declining prices of the agricultural products government fixes floor prices (that is over and above equilibrium prices) and buys from farmer surplus products (Wessels, 2000). When excess is bought by government the level of supply available for customer is less and hence the floor price is adjusted as equilibrium price. (Rittenberg and Tregarthen) The surplus bought from farmer is then used for other purposes. For instanc e, US government uses this surplus for sending in aid programs. Also to maintain this excess supply, government pays farmer certain amount to reduce the per acreage production. These measures to maintain price from access price are however, harmful as they appear not aimed to maintain the income level of farmer but to maintain the international price level. As evident from the history, the supply has never in excess as compare to increase in demand of entire world keeping in consideration the factor of rising population level around the

Promoting Positive Health Behaviors Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Promoting Positive Health Behaviors - Essay Example tion is to manage an existing disease, reducing the negative outcomes, preventing complications and restoring patients’ daily functions (Seballos, 2010). Early cancer detection has proved to be very effective not only in saving lives but also in reducing health care costs and reducing the suffering of the patients. Periodic screening for cancer of the breast and cervix has been proved through evidence that it reduces the burden of disease in women (Backer et al 2005). Prevention programs and screening programs for cancer are an effective way of spreading awareness among the general public about the cancer and encouraging them to follow regualar screenings to prevent the cancer or detect it at earliest stages. The article â€Å"Impoving Preventive Health Care delivery through practice change: an every woman matters study†, reflects on the breast as well as cervical cancer prevention screening programs in Nebraska, Every Woman Matters. The program is a state run fedreally funded program which focuses on providing preventive screening measures for breast and cervical cancers and facilities to the low-income women. The program provides clinical examination, mammography, Papanicolaou smear test to the low-income group women at a very reduced or no cost. However, even in the presence of the program the levels of breast and cervical screening in Nebraska are suboptimal and fall short of the expected rates. According to the study, hundred clinics were included in the research to observe the clinical practices, practice environmnet, activities related to Papanicolau smear and mammogram screening and the encounters with adult female patients. Interviews with physicians, important staff memb ers were also taken the data of the last 100 female patients seen by the clinic were also analysed. It was observed that the staff and the physician kept three goals to be followed which included, developing a reminder system to have notifications regarding the patients who needed

Business the Richard Branson Way Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Business the Richard Branson Way - Assignment Example The paper tells that Branson delegates the duty to his management staff and inspires innovation and meaningful change in the Virgin Group. The leader is approachable and accords time to everyone in the group despite being the head of many ventures. Branson influences and motivates the workforce in his group through the power of personality. The leader spurs others into action and raises the morale of the Virgin Group. Transformational leaders create an environment for others to apply the innovative skills in solving problems and developing competitive products and services. The motivated workforce and the innovative ideas have facilitated the expansion of the Virgin Group to take a strong position in the marketplace. Branson works in consultation with the management team, especially during the formative stages of a new venture. After the venture peaks, Richard Branson gives the management and the subordinate workforce the space to implement viable ideas to run the enterprise. Branson does not practice the hierarchical organizational structure. Transformational leadership style believes in the distinct set of skills that every member of workforce possesses can drive organizations to achieve success. In essence, Branson promotes teamwork. Transformational leadership style holds that leaders in the organization should realize that leadership does not imply to the positions or titles. Rather, leadership entails an interactive process between the leaders and the followers. The character is a strong foundation of the leadership, and Richard Branson has maintained charismatic attributes since the foundation of the Virgin Group. The transformational leaders should motivate and inspire their followers through assisting them to achieve the best results in different tasks within the organizations.

What Does the American Dream Mean to an Immigrant Essay Example for Free

What Does the American Dream Mean to an Immigrant Essay In Amy Tan’s â€Å"Two Kinds,† the differences between the mother and daughter showcase the different perceptions of the American dream and how expectations of parents can disrupt their child’s self-actualization. Jing-Mei’s mother believes that her daughter could accomplish her goals just because of how Shirley Temple showed how she was a natural phenomenon on TV or how the little Chinese girl playing the piano illustrated her mastery of the instrument. Jing-Mei declares, â€Å"My mother believed you could be anything you wanted to be in America. † (305) Media can truly sway some people into thinking they can be movie star or a sports star; it usually only displays how well a person can perform what he or she is good in, not the diligence and endeavors it took to get to that point. Parents’ expectations can also get in the way of their child’s self-actualization. With the influence of the media, parents’ expectations can truly prevent children from choosing their own destiny. Undoubtedly, many immigrants come over to the United States to seek better lives not only for their selves, but also for their families. Lots of people have different approaches of what the American Dream actually means. To some, it is finding happiness in life. To others, it may be becoming successful and evolving into a wealthy person. There are endless amounts of visualizations of what it means. But to the mother in the story, I believe she presumes that it means her daughter maturing into a prodigy in something like acting or music and being able to take part in activities her mother couldn’t. At first, the mother convinces Jing-Mei that she really can be a prodigy: In fact, in the beginning, I was just as excited as my mother, maybe even more so. I pictured this prodigy part of me as many different images, trying each one on for size. I was a dainty ballerina girl standing by the curtains, waiting to hear the right music that would send me floating on my tiptoes. I was like the Christ child lifted out of the straw manger, crying with holy indignity. I was Cinderella stepping from her pumpkin carriage with sparkly cartoon music filling the air. (306) But soon after all of her mother’s overwhelming tests and stories, Jing-Mei comes to the realization that she does not have the intellect nor the dedication required to become a youth prodigy. She states, â€Å"I pretended to be bored. And I was. I got so bored I started counting the bellows of the foghorns out on the bay while my mother drilled me in other areas.† (307) The mother had the wrong idea of Jing-Mei like some foreigners do when they think they can come to America and have a quick rise to fame and riches without hard work and dedication. Likewise, a friend of mine named Tony Nguyen, similar to the mother in the story, traveled over from Asia with his family to pursue better lives. They came from the slums of Vietnam and his parents wanted him to become a successful person. Like Jing-Mei, Tony’s parents wished for him to be successful in life and try to become a doctor, engineer, or surgeon. But he also did not want to follow any of the career paths his parents mentioned. He wanted to chase his own dreams and achieve his own legacy, so he decided to attend SCAD and major in film. Tony never took into account that his parents set those goals for him because they wanted him to be something they never had the opportunity to be. He did not realize the sacrifices and hardships his parents experienced to give him a more prominent life, much like Jing-Mei. Indeed, Jing-Mei’s mother really pushes for her daughter to become a mastermind even when Jing-Mei clearly proves she didn’t have the work ethic for it. Jing-Mei even shouts, â€Å"Why don’t you like me the way I am? I’m not a genius!† Her mother then slaps her and bellows, â€Å"Who ask you be genius?† (308) But was her mother wrong for pushing her? Jing-Mei came off as ungrateful and ignorant to me, especially when she said, â€Å"Then I wish I wasn’t your daughter. I wish you weren’t my mother,† and â€Å"I wish I’d never been born!† (312) She should’ve acknowledged that her mother was only trying to offer her opportunities she could not have at her age. But then again, the idea that parents’ expectations can prevent a child from becoming who they truly are comes into play. Maybe if the mother would’ve backed off some and let Jing-Mei decide what she wanted to do with her life then ci rcumstances would’ve gone a lot better between them. Nevertheless, the way Jing-Mei’s mother was hard on her all boils down to culture. In America, individualism is valued much greater than other countries. Places like India and Japan are much stricter on education than the US. Many parents in those countries have the same expectations of their children, such as becoming a doctor or an engineer. Parents in the United States are usually less strict and aren’t set on their children having one goal in life. But how should parents go about introducing their offspring to career passageways? Parents should open their children’s eyes to assortments of activities to truly broaden their horizons and let them figure out what they want to be; rather than setting for them one distinctive motive and telling them what they will be in life. In conclusion, what the media portrays can manipulate what the American Dream means to some. In the story, Jing-Mei’s mother envisions her daughter becoming a true child prodigy after watching television shows such as ‘The Ed Sullivan Show’ and ‘Shirley Temple’. The way her mother wants her to be a superstar truly holds Jing-Mei back from fulfilling her individual potential and finding out who she really is. Her mother thinks that just because she saw girls Jing-Mei’s age on television, her daughter will be able to mimic them effortlessly. Jing-Mei’s mother wanted to accomplish her own dreams through her daughter, but she should’ve actualized that what the media demonstrates isn’t for everyone.