Horror Movies Are All the same - 1163 Words

Horror movies generally are all the same. They all have been based off of something that has already happened or a previous movie. Society has paid to be entertained by these gruesome stories that we all truly fear. Before movies, people would purchase books of similar traumatic events to read in their spare time for amusement. It has been said by the Filmmakers IQs horror film lesson (2012), that writers such as Bram Stoker created graphic novels that would grab the audiences attention for years to come. But the horror movie, The House Of The Devil (1896), was noted as being the first ever horror movie. And as the years pasted, the industry grew and became stronger. But Ryan Koo (2013) stated that it was not truly until after WWI†¦show more content†¦Stokers heir still ended up suing, and the courts ordered all copies of Nosferatu be destroyed. But a single copy of the film had been missed and later was revealed. The story of Dracula is continually told and being remade eve n today. It is something that has always frightened people, so the industry continues to build off it. The older generation of writers such as Bram Stoker and Mary Shelly are known for German Expressionism. German Expressionism is responsible for creating The Cabinet Of Dr. Caligari, which is still considered one of the greatest silence films created in the era. Ryan Koo (2013) claims the film also took credit for being one of the first to example story board and having a twist ending. Once the film had been created it lead people to explore the possibilities of the art of horror. Following the creation of The Cabinet Of Dr. Caligari was the making of The Golem. This film continued to be remade over the years. Writters from New york State Writers Institute (2011) say it started with a man by the name of Paul Wegener. He was fascinated by the legend of the Golem. The story spoke of a giant clay monster that saved Pragues Jewish citizens for an emperor that believed they were ritually killing children. Gothic Horror has to be one of the best forms of art. Which is probably why film markers continue to go back to it. It played on both the thrill and the fear ofShow MoreRelatedHorror Movies : The 80s And 80s1190 Words   |  5 PagesThe decades that stick out in horror movie history are the 70s and the 80s. Most critics would agree with me when I say that the horror movies in the 70s and 80s changed the horror genre forever. The horror movies during those decades are viewed as being the foundation for the horror movies today. But why did those two decades have a significant impact on the horror genre? What made the horror movies better than the horror movies today? The horror movies in the 70s reflected the grim mood of theRead MoreWhy We Crave Horror Stephen King Analysis849 Words   |  4 Pagespeople are â€Å" all mentally ill†, ( King, â€Å"Why We Crave Horror† 1). Although, King’s claims can be proved, there are claims that not all people enjoy horror. Therefore, Stephen King’s statement that horror can help humans face fears is accurate, on the other hand, his statement that all people are insane doesn’t relate with all humans nor does everyone think it’s fun to watch horror. In addition, some humans crave horror to help face fear, others don’t. In the story â€Å" Why We Crave Horror† Stephen KingRead MoreEssay Why We Crave Horror Movies808 Words   |  4 PagesIn the essay, â€Å"Why We Crave Horror Movies† Stephen King attempts to explain why we love horror movies, and he gives a few different reasons why people go to see horror movies. People want to show that they are not scared; people want to have fun; but the main reason that he suggests is that we are insane and we need to watch horror movies to keep that insanity locked up in society. He uses a variety of argumentative strategies and literally decides to prove his thesis. On the other side, King surprisedRead MoreHorror Movie Essay1439 Words   |  6 Pagesof Horror movies Many people would say that their favorite way to have fun is to go to a beautiful beach and build sand castles or hang out with their friends at the mall. But for me, put me in a dark theater with a murderous psychopath on the loose threatening teenagers and I am happy. I am a lover of horror movies. This is something that I don’t always tell people, because it seems kind of weird to enjoy being scared and grossed out by lots of blood and gore. But in fact, I love horror moviesRead MoreThe Horror Of Horror Films1360 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Horror Films are unsettling films designed to frighten and panic, cause dread and alarm, and to invoke our hidden worst fears, often in a terrifying, shocking finale, while captivating and entertaining us at the same time in a cathartic experience.† Horror films have been to Hollywood since the early days of cinematography. Horror films are very interesting to watch because horror movies are scary and we don t know what is goi ng happen next. That kind of suspense in the movies makes us watch moreRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie The Bride Of Frankenstein 1514 Words   |  7 PagesFirst of all, let me thank the Film enthusiast that contacted me for my input to help them compile their list of great horror movies. I decided that the best way to share my input is by choosing two movies from the horror movie genre and comparing and contrasting them to concluded which out of the two is a better horror movie. The first movie that I watched for this discussion is the Bride of Frankenstein, this movie was made in 1935 and directed by James Whale. The Bride of Frankenstein is a sequelRead MoreThe Insider s Guide On The Value Of Horror Movies And Books1277 Words   |  6 PagesValue of Horror Movies and Books â€Å"How do you people watch this?!?! † and â€Å"Why do everyone in this room have this intense love for horror movies was two phrases that I heard one night at my friend’s house while we watched Jason killed his 3rd victim on Friday the 13th. â€Å"Horror is defined as being a strong aversion mingled with dread† stated by Patrick Johnson in his paper, â€Å"The Importance of Horror†. Just like Graff’s essay on â€Å"Hidden Intellectualism†, there is a hidden value in horror films andRead MoreThe Horror Of Horror Movies Essay1619 Words   |  7 PagesName Instructor Course Date Outline I. Introduction Thesis statement: We are all mentally ill and that we crave horror movies to bring some normality to ourselves. II. We are all ill mentally and that we crave horror movies to bring some normality to ourselves. i. Horror movies allow us the experience of intense emotional excitement from the unacceptable actions and their consequences in the films. ii. Reestablishes the feelings of essential normality, and; it is innately conservative and evenRead MoreEssay on Discuss the Appeal of Horror Movies813 Words   |  4 PagesThe horror industry has been virtually dominating Asian cinema over the past few years, overshadowing any other genre in consistency of production and consequent box-office reaping. Countries like Japan, South Korea and Thailand have tapped on this market, fuelling their local film industries and clearly profiting from the appeal that horror movies have over audiences globally. Yet, even as we look beyond the economic profitability of this genre, we will discover far more reasons why this genre ofRead MoreHorrible Health Benefits Of Horror Movies1366 Words   |  6 PagesHorrifying Health Benefits Every day a family watches various movies whether it romance, comedy, science fiction or even action. The most beneficial out of the many genres is that of horror. Horror movies have many unknown health benefits people find hard to believe. These movies help by improving on only your body but your mind as well. â€Å"How?† you may ask; it not only boosts your immune system but can also help you lose weight and even sharpens your mind to be more alert in any situation. Some

Children s Awareness Of Racial Attitudes And Preferences

Race Status In 2012, Margaret Beale Spencer, child psychologist and a leading researcher the field of child development, was brought on by CNN to design a pilot study that examines children and race. The study aimed to reveal children s’ awareness of racial attitudes and preferences. The results were shown during â€Å"Kids on Race: The Hidden Picture†, on AC360 °. After watching this study play out, it was obvious that children seem to be given messages about what is viewed as the good/positive race, and which is viewed as the bad/negative, race. Although it might be expected that each child would choose their respective race as the one they gravitate to for the ‘positive’ questions, and a different race for the ‘negative’ questions, what was unfortunate was that both White and Black children showed a bias towards Whites. Since children are so strongly influenced by their environments, and the people around them, we can assume that they are being exposed to implicit racism, and subconscious bias attitudes. As stated by Dr. Spencer, â€Å"We are still living in a society where dark things are devalued, and white things are valued.† Antonia Darder worked for many years to understand how members of bicultural groups learn to function in both their primary culture, and that of the dominant, mainstream culture in th e society in which they live. This includes cultural conflicts, racism, and other forms of cultural invasion (p. 48). In order to ease the tension caused by conflictingShow MoreRelatedRacial Discrimination : The Preschool And Kindergarten2482 Words   |  10 Pages Racial Discrimination in the Preschool and Kindergarten KO, SZU- YU E504: Sociology of Education Prof. Sylvia Martinez Abstract Each year, an increasing number of people from different countries immigrate to the United States. Some of them come to look for a better education for their children. Consequently, there is an increasing number of children of different races in the U.S. preschool and kindergarten system, which not only leads to racial diversity, but also causes stereotype and discriminationRead MoreRace, Religion, Social Class, And Ethnicity1274 Words   |  6 PagesHow you do in school, your social ability, and your awareness of others are all guided by how you identify. Identification in one’s gender, race, religion, social class, and ethnicity are all driving forces behind your future self. Identity is a crucial part of who you are, and in recent studies and experimentation researchers have been trying to identify new, untested factors that influence behavior in people. Although, in the past there hasn’t been a strong focus on the positive and negative effectsRead MoreThe Diversity Of The Health Care Organization1307 Words   |  6 Pagesspecific program to increase awareness regarding variety of cultures, cultural issues and provide provision of services oriented to patient’s culture such as food and clothes based on patients preferences, which not only improves the quality of care but also minimizes the health care disparities among ethnic and racial minorities (Jhutti- Johal, 2013). This paper will describe the diversity in health care and explain the theory, organizational framework and 12 domains of Purnell s model. Theory and organizationalRead MoreThe Effects Of Children Adopted From Dissimilar Hereditary Family1371 Words   |  6 Pagesdescendant of their own due to certain reasons and some desire to give some children a good opportunity. There are many families adopting different race children who have cross-culture living and in some cases problems are appearing which affects their progress from childhood to adolescence. Starting with the increase in ethnic adoption, there will discussed possible causes and effects of the issue. The article observed that children adopted from dissimilar hereditary family may have problems for instanceRead MoreDiversity and Cultural Competence in Family Therapy Essay1050 Words   |  5 Pagesto provide effective therapy. This paper will outline and provide information as to the importance of cultural competence and diversity in family therapy. What is Cultural Competence? Culture can be defined as behaviors exhibited by certain racial, religious, social or ethnic groups. Some factors in which culture may vary include: family structure, education, and socioeconomic status (Kodjo, 2009). Some may think cultural competence is something that has an end point, however, when the bigRead MoreRace, Religion, Social Class, And Ethnicity Essay2019 Words   |  9 PagesHow one does in school, one’s social ability, and one’s awareness of others are all guided by how an individual identifies. Identification with one’s gender, race, religion, social class, and ethnicity are all driving forces behind an individual’s future self. Identity is a crucial part of who you are, and in recent studies and experimentation researchers have been trying to identify new, untested factors that influence behavior in people. Although, in the past there hasn’t been a strong focus onRead MoreGender Inequality And Its Impact On Children s Developme ntal Essay1396 Words   |  6 Pagesinequality because race inequality is prevalent and easily recognizable. Like racial inequality; gender inequality is also a real issue in America. Gender stereotypes are perpetuated throughout our lifetime beginning when we are children. Early on, children learn what is means to be a boy or girl from societal standards. Children begin to suffer from the boys versus girl’s mentality which is evident in the social behavior of children. Children’s stereotypical thinking about gender is manifested through theirRead MoreSocial Issues Of China And Brazil Essay1835 Words   |  8 Pagesworld, it was inevitable that they would face numerous issues that threatened both the citizens and the government, such as environmental concerns and threats to human security. Along with these, issues regarding social diversity occurred, such as racial and ethnic relations, gender and gender equality, and sexual differences/Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, transg endered, transsexual rights. These topics are increasing in importance amongst liberals who disagree with most traditional views, and conservativeRead MoreThe Impact Of Pop Culture On The Music Industry1720 Words   |  7 Pages The 1990’s was a stepping ground for the development of society as it is today. Through television, music, art and technology American social structures experienced huge changes. Gone were the days of the Huxtables where nuclear families displayed perfect, well put together families. 80’s music once filled with electric synthesizers and singers professing their love for their partners evolved into Hip Hop and Grunge music that discussed the grittiness of real life and the human struggle mostRead MoreA Social Critique Of The Judgment Of Taste1661 Words   |  7 Pagesa touring of who lectures at the University of Aberdeen in Scotland, United Kingdom. Formerly he was a professor of sociology at the University of Pittsburgh. He was the President of the Association for the Sociology of Religion in 1988. Robertson s main works are Globalization: Social Theory and Global Culture (1992) and the edited volume Global Modernities. 1985 first used the term â€Å"globalization† in one of Roland sociological article. In 1992 he is said to have defined the word â€Å"globalization†

Reaction Paper 12 Years a Slave Example For Students

Reaction Paper 12 Years a Slave Even though I have learned about the institution of slavery, I never thought of the multitude of disturbing situations that could extend from it. The most poignant aspects of the movie that hit home for me was that of the slave women. Their situations are uniquely tougher, and as a woman myself, it is unimaginable the atrocities that they faced commonly. The first situation that was eye opening- was that of Eliza, a slave mother, being forcibly separated from her children as she begged and pleaded the white master’s to not do the unthinkable. Just recalling the scene gives me a sharp chill down my spine. The reality sinks in that slaves were traded and bought like livestock, and children suddenly separated from their mother’s in an instant based off one white man’s decision and pocketbook. Lives irrevocably changed and shattered in a human auction house, very tough to witness. I think it was important for the director Steve McQueen to include the subtle emotional response of the white preacher, Ford, had to Eliza’s pleas. He tried to buy Eliza’s daughter as well but was refused and there was little he could do about it, but it showed his humanity even as a â€Å"superior white† male amongst an institution that just â€Å"is what it is. The second side story that was heartbreaking to watch and realize, was that of slave girl Patsey. Even though she was the most efficient and quickest cotton picker on the plantation, she had to face the unbearable duality of lust/hatred of her Master Epps- who seemed to be both infatuated and disgusted with himself for his feelings towards her. Patsey not only incurred regular rape from Epps (the rape scene was particularly brutal), but she also had to deal with the wrath of Mistress Epps, for she was not blind to her husband’s infidelities and regularly encouraged him to whip her. The scene where Patsey begs Solomon to strangle her was particularly depressing, for if I were in her situation, I too would find more peace in death. My heart cried most for Patsey, for her plight echoes what I know must have been a very commonplace occurrence for slave girls. This movie overall was intensely hard to sit through, but I feel that the vicious reality of it is something that was eye opening and important for those of us in the present to reflect on and understand. What the movie does so well is put history into perspective, forces viewers to recognize the everyday horrors that was the slavery institution, which was true and real not so long ago. The film was able to stir up a storm of different emotions for me, sadness, horror, disgust- but most importantly, grateful; grateful for my freedom and for the liberties that I take for granted every single day. This film well deserved the three Oscars that it won, if not, for reminding us all that life, liberty, and freedom should and must remain a natural human right- and that history does not repeat itself in this way ever again.

Personal theory multidimensional theory of psychology

Introduction As a psychologist, an individual should be fully conversant with the way that people develop various behaviors, emotions, and thinking processes. This aspect is necessary for only then will a psychologist work on programs that can help in shaping of certain negative behaviors among his or her clients.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Personal theory: multidimensional theory of psychology specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Since people are diverse in many respects due to differing personalities coupled with behavioral and cognitive developments, this paper proposes a personal theory of approaching people’s psychological problems in a multidimensional perspective point of view. The paper argues that, the outward behaviors of an individual are akin to the personality of that person. The major task in presentation of this personal theory is seeking to identify the relationship between pers onality, outward behavior of people, and their psychological development processes. In this quest, three main psychological theories are worth focusing on: behavioral theories, cognitive theories, and personality theories. From the perspectives of the personality theories, this paper argues that, psychologists should consider the patterns of people’s thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that construct the uniqueness of an individual. On the other hand, cognitive theories focus â€Å"on internal states, such as motivation, problem solving, decision-making, thinking, and attention† (McAlister, Perry Parcel, 2008, p.168). From the contexts of behavioral theory, the paper finds its incorporation in the personal multidimensional theory necessary, since people acquire certain behaviors that determine their personality through conditioning. Additionally, crucial for consideration in the entire equation of the personal theory for resolution of people’s psychological chall enges is the embracement of roles of motivation in shaping people’s cognitions and behaviors. The purpose of incorporation of the three theories, in the multidimensional personal theory proposed in this paper, is pegged on the idea that, human thought motivation may amount to development of certain behaviors to differing people in different extents. Personality structures of people In an attempt to propose a personal theory to explain people’s behaviors from the contexts of personality structures, the meaning of the term personality should be pin pointed with regard to the proposed theory. For purposes of explanation in this section, the term â€Å"personality† will be taken to refer to differences among people or to underscore what makes people unique. Essentially, personality traits entangle individual differences.Advertising Looking for critical writing on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More For psychologists to deliver utmost good to their clients, it is significant that they cutely understand the elements that constitute the personality of the clients who are diverse and heterogeneous. In my personal theory, personality of people undergoes continuous changes akin to the differing exposure to experiences and to environmental factors such education. Sigmund Freud proposed three structures constituting the personality of individuals. These are ego, superego and id. Eissle (1990) argues, â€Å"Each of these structures is responsible for some aspect of our thinking and behavior† (p.198). Id is depictive of people’s needs desires, wants and instant gratification among other things. Even though many people may not be aware of this significant element of their psych, it entangles one of the crucial driving forces for determining individual behavior. Id runs deep in the innate want for individuals to have pleasure and to some extent indulgence. However, as Gay (1989 ) asserts, â€Å"Freud’s view, the id is totally unconscious; it has no contact with reality† (p.101). This implies that people have no control of some of the behaviors they develop. Opposed to id, the ego is personality aspect that develops as children grow. It occurs due to contact with reality. In psychology, this aspect is normally termed as â€Å"executive branch of personality because it used in reasoning to make decisions† (Eissle, 1990, p. 199). In my personal theory, element should be investigated in individuals since serving as a psychological counselor would demand that a stimuli is artificially created to prompt people to reason logically. This would help them in conducting a thorough analysis of their problem, so that a myriad of causes of the problems can be determined. From this myriad of causes, individuals can be capacitated to select the things they need to do and the things they do not have to do through reason as the basis of making their dec isions (Freud, 1923, p.147). To help in the realization of this noble role of a counselor, people should have the capacity to make decisions on the right and the wrong things: something that calls for magnificent deployment of the knowledge of personality’s aspect of superego. The superego aspect constitutes the moral aspect of people’s personality, â€Å"it takes into account whether something is right or wrong† (Eissle 1990, p.203). In the context of my personal theory, I believe that people decisions to make certain indulgences are prompted by their conscience. In my personal theory, I believe that the three elements of the personality, as proposed by Freud, continuously interact in a non-homogeneous manner. This means that one element of personality is always against the other. For instance, the superego and id make the ego aspect of personality face difficulties.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Personal theory: multidimensi onal theory of psychology specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Arguably, a scenario where the ego desires to steal from people, but with precautions to avoid being caught in fear of the legal consequences, can exemplify this argument. On the other hand, the ego says that it is necessary to steal amid the legal consequences since money is critical for pleasure in life. Nevertheless, the superego is continuously working. It nullifies the decisions taken by the other aspects of personality claiming that, it is inappropriate to steal since I would feel the same way in case other people steal from me. Therefore, it is necessary for the ego to resolve the emerging conflict between the demands placed by desires of the Id, and the limitations that are imposed by the superego. In this end, I suggest that this can be accomplished via defense mechanisms to ensure that reality is distorted. This makes the superego be amply protected from the imminent anxieties. This argument is perhaps more enhanced with consideration of the fact that â€Å"when the ego blocks the pleasurable pursuits of the id, inner anxiety is felt† (Eissle, 1990, p.201). The implication of this argument is that, it is widely anticipated that distressed conditions are anticipated whenever the ego element realizes that the id can cause any harm to an individual. Stemming from this argument, I believe that anxiety is the chief mechanism through which the ego is pushed to adjudicate the various eminent disputes by defending or justifying one’s position. Repressive defense mechanism is one of these defense mechanisms. In the words of Costa and McCrae, â€Å"repression is the most powerful and pervasive defense mechanism which according to Freud, it works to push unacceptable id impulse out of awareness and back into the unconscious mind† (1992, p.20). Arguably, repressive defense mechanism forms the pivot from which all other mechanism of def ense operates. This argument holds because I believe, just like Miller, that, â€Å"the overall objective of every mechanism of defense is to ensure that pushing or repression of impulses, which are threatening to the personality of an individual, are pushed out of individual awareness† (p.132). In addition to the three structures of personality proposed by Freud, I argue that personality cannot be the only theory for explaining people’s indulgences in some behaviors and not others. Consequently, other paradigms can be deployed to explain people’s behaviors such as behavioral theory, and cognitive theory. Behavioral theory Working as a psychological counselor would demand a counselor to have ample knowledge of the manner in which people develop various behaviors. This requirement is deemed necessary since I believe that not all behaviors among people are inborn- some are phenotypic. More interactively, behavioralism entangles â€Å"a theory of learning based on the perception that behaviors are acquired through conditioning† (Arnould, Price Zinkhan, 2004, p.108).Advertising Looking for critical writing on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More From the perspectives of my multidimensional personal theory, it is arguable that various forms of conditioning can take place through environmental interactions in which the environmental stimuli helps to construct people’s behaviors. Upon the construction of the behaviors, people become different depending on the environmental stimuli that they have been exposed to. Consequently, behavior conditioning becomes one of the ways of helping people to make choices on what to do and what they ought not to do. The applicability of behavioralism theory in counseling is pegged on the idea that, it is possible to learn people’s behaviors without necessarily having to consider the mental processes on such persons. In my counseling, I would approach conditioning from two dimensions. These are classical conditioning and operant conditioning. As argued before, the interaction between the ego, superego, and id produced anxieties. These anxieties can be reduced substantively by deplo yment of classical conditioning approaches in psychological counseling. For instance, supposing a tutor wants to apply the concepts of behavioral theory to induce positive learning in class. Classical conditioning can act a subtle tool for ensuring this endeavor is achieved by helping in minimization of classroom anxieties and fear. For example, when a situation that provokes anxiety; such and making students perform a task in front of their peers, providing a surrounding that is pleasant can enormously aid a student to learn new ways and associations. When such conditioning is done, it is possible for the student to calm and become relaxed instead of being tensed and or anxious. Consequently, repeated exposure to such situations may help to build strong personality within the students. Gay (1989) adds weight in this argument by positing that â€Å"classical conditioning technique is also useful in the treatment of phobia or anxiety problems† (p.67). The concept of classical conditioning applied to students may also be extended in other areas, where psychological counseling is required to induce positive personality, such as management of depression and low self-esteem amongst people. For the case of operant conditioning, Gay (1989) informs, â€Å"Reinforcement and punishment are an important concept in operant conditioning and an indispensable part of the learning process† (p.125). Through reinforcement schedules, it is possible to induce fast learning and fast instillation of desired behaviors. However, in my personal theory, I believe that human beings are freethinking beings who are guided by reason. Hence, it is not desired that punishment be administered to make people develop certain behaviors, which are then integrated in their personality traits. Consequently, no further treatment of operant conditioning is considered since it is not essential in my personal theory. Rather, I find it crucial to consider how cognitive development theory m ay interact with personality, so that it can be deployed in my multidimensional theory for psychology counseling. Cognitive theory The main concern of cognitive theory is the thinking processes deployed by people. â€Å"It also looks at how these thoughts processes influence how people understand and interact with the world† (McAlister, Perry, Parcel, 2008, p.169). The main question that remains is how I would apply cognitive theory, in my multidimensional theory, to induce healing process of psychologically related problems among different people. In this end, the fundamental premise akin to deployment of cognitive theory in the healing process lies in the grounds that, to induce healing, â€Å"the way we think about or perceive ourselves and others, determines how we respond to the world with our emotions and behaviors† (McAlister, Perry, Parcel, 2008, p.173). Thus, the overall goal of the healing process entails altering the manner in which people think about themse lves coupled with the way they perceive the environment around them, while not negating the entire world they live in. Cognitive theory is central in my multidimensional theory of psychological counseling. It acts as merger of both personality theory and behavioral theory: the three theories being the constituents of the multidimensional personal theory, because â€Å"cognitive theory is focused on the individual’s thoughts as the determinate of his or her emotions and behaviors and therefore personality† (Miller, 2005, p.105). This argument implies that without thoughts, people cannot develop emotions since they would not know when they are offended or treated justly. Without thoughts, behaviors would improbably function. Essentially, therefore, thoughts precede actions and feelings. In my personal theory, I believe that altering the manner in which people think may be an immense determinant of people capacity to manage moods, anxiety or even improve their relationshi ps with others. For example, if it could be possible to change the manner in which a student perceives a situation from the dimension that such an activity may bring forth astonishment to the dimension that the activity is an opportunity to display one’s capabilities, it would be possible to reduce the student’s anxieties to nearly zero percent. The only technique applied is altering the manner in which people view and think about the world and its reality. In the multidimensional personal theory, I believe that apart from the way an individual views the world, many other factors influence the manner in which one constructs the meaning of the daily encounters. This includes government, parents, family, the state of economy and education among other factors. Arguably, these factors are outside an individual and have an immense influence on the inner person’s thought processes. In approaching the psychological problems of people, under the multidimensional persona l theory, one of the substantive factors that may lead to make people develop psychological problems including anxiety is family. Wilson is also inclined in this line of view when he describes parents as the essential constituent element of a family that shapes the perceptions of their children and the environment within which they live (2001, p. 91). This implies that parents are essential in constructing the cognitions of children about the world, which houses them. The other factors play pivotal roles in helping the children build relationships and handle various situations encountered due to the cognitions developed due parental influence (Cloud, 1999, p.12). Consequently, in my personal theory I propose that a counselor should scrutinize the familial history of individuals in an attempt to evaluate why certain persons behave in the manner they do or why their personality is constructed in a given manner. The argument here is that, the outlined factors may act as subtle motivato rs of people’s actions. In this extent, it is essential that a counselor determine what motivates people in behaving the way they do, and what motivates people to develop the portrayed personality traits. Stemming from this argument, motivation amounts to one of the essential building blocks of my personal theory. Hence, consideration of what motivation means in the context of my personal theory is critical. Explanation of motivation Motivation may contribute to the cognitions, personalities and even behaviors that are developed by people. It can explain the actions and behaviors that are portrayed by people. In more interactive way, motivation â€Å"is identified as an inner drive that reflects goal oriented arousal† (Arnould et. al., 2004, p.259). Based on this definition, it is arguable that motivation is different to personality in the sense that it is a more abstract and a deeper concept that helps in focusing people’s attention towards achieving certain go als. One of such goals would entail success. In my personal theory, I propose that, studying people’s motivations is critical in helping to engineer subtle healing process, since it is also intertwined with individual traits and the social environment. These two factors are essential constituents of personality and behavioralism consecutively. Most paramount to note is that motivation is driven by various psychographic desires and needs of individuals such power, achievement, self esteem and also affiliation. People would thus tend to work and indulge in behaviors that would facilitate achievement of these needs. Essentially, studying people’s motivation may thus truncate in development of mechanisms of identifying the reasons as to why people portray certain phenotypic traits that are depictive of their personalities, these personalities being derived from their thinking processes (cognitions). Goals are essential motivators of behaviors. Therefore, it is arguable tha t whenever goals are not meet individual tend to get upset hence depicting their emotions and feelings. In this line of argument, Crabb (1986) further asserts that, failure to meet individual goals can give fertile grounds for portrayal of negative emotions (p.29). These results in making people feel worthless. In this context, I hold that all behaviors expressed by people have motivators. These behaviors would include even doing nothing. This point at concluding that, anything that a person does is accounted for by some reason. Hence, people who hardly do anything have a psychological problem, which needs treatment. Motivation is an incredible contributor to human development. In the context of my personal theory, human development implies the integrations of people’s cognitions (thinking process) and behaviors throughout the lifetime of a person. Thus, the experiences that people develop in their lifetime are critical in making them live mentally healthy or unhealthy. In th e prescription of treatment for mental psychological disorders, it is thus vital that a counselor make ample consideration of the experiences that people go through and why such situations occurred. The utmost goal here is to establish the motivators of the client’s circumstances leading to his or her condition. From the perspective of my personal theory, these motivators are traceable from the client’s personality, cognitions and behaviors, which are either intrinsically or extrinsically developed. Additionally, in the realm of personal motivations, the roles played by family stand centrally in determining behaviors and personalities of individuals. To exemplify this argument, Wilson notes that, children who are provided with security coupled with safety stands higher chances of growing into psychologically healthy individuals (2001, p. 97). Therefore, it is imperative to note that people who lack these two essential things may end up displaying antisocial behaviors c oupled with increased likelihoods of being negative thinkers. Effectiveness of my personal theory Incorporation of concepts of cognitive theory in my multidimensional theory is deemed fruitful, since many other researchers have used it successfully in treatment processes. Among the many other researchers who have contributed richly to this field, include Albert Ellis and Aaron Beck. As Eissle (1990) reckons, â€Å"Beck developed several assessment techniques such as the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) which are both exceptionally popular quick assessments of an individual’s functioning† (p.201). On the other hand, Ellis claims that cognitive theory concepts are critical in aiding to overcome numerous negative elements of personality. Additionally, a wide body of research has proved this idea, particularly when it comes to application of cognitive theory in treatment of disorders such as anxiety and depressive disorders, relational d ifficulties, interpersonal problems and agers among other psychological challenges. Indeed, according to Arnould et al. (2004) â€Å"some research even suggests that cognitive treatment, especially when combined with some behavioral aspects such as relaxation provides better and more long-lasting results than medication in the treatment of depression† (p.211). Although cognitive theory posses criticisms, it is anticipated that its criticisms are countered by the fact that my personal theory is multidimensional. Hence, it takes into consideration of the strengths of personality and behavioral theories. Conclusion Many psychological theories have been developed since Sigmund Freud developed the personality theory. For every theory, criticisms exist for its effectiveness in resulting to healing processes for psychological problems that people encounter. However, amid the challenges of any one theory, this paper recognizes that, every theory has elements of efficacy in contributi ng to the management of psychological problems. A personal theory- multidimensional theory is proposed. This theory cuts across personality, behavioral, and cognitive theory. The ability of this theory to result into relevant management of psychological problems faced by people is pegged on the idea that, as children grow, they develop cognitions of the world that they live in and reflect this cognition through their behaviors. In turn, these behaviors are depictive of their personalities. However, every behavior expressed outwardly by an individual is owed to certain forces of motivations. Consequently, my perusal theory maintains that, motivations are the central determinants of why people do some things and not others. Therefore, in the treatment processes, psychologists ought to study people’s motivations to their behaviors in the attempt to determine likely causes of their indulgences and thinking processes. Reference List Arnould, E., Price, l., Zinkhan, G. (2004). The ories of psychology. Boston: McGraw- Hill/Irwin. Cloud, H., Townsend, J. (1999). Boundaries in marriage. Grand Rapids: Zondervan Publishing House. Costa, P., McCrae, R. (1992). Normal personality assessment in clinical practice: The NEO Personality Inventory. Psychological Assessment, 45 (7), 20-22. Crabb, L. (1986). Effective biblical counseling: A model for helping caring Christians become capable counselors. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan. Eissle, K. (1990). The Origin and Development of Psychoanalysis. American Journal of Psychology, 21(2), 196–218. Freud, S. (1923). â€Å"Neurosis and Psychosis†. The Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud, Volume XIX (1923–1925): The Ego and the Id and Other Works. Oxford: Oxford publishers. Gay, P. (1989). The Freud Reader. New York: W.W. Norton. McAlister, A., Perry, L., Parcel, S. (2008). How Individuals, Environments, and Health Behaviors Interact: Social Cognitive Theory. San Francisco, CA : John Wiley Sons. Miller, K. (2005). Communication Theories: Perspectives, Processes, and Contexts. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. Wilson, S. (2001). Hurt people hurt people: Hope and healing for yourself and you relationships. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan. This critical writing on Personal theory: multidimensional theory of psychology was written and submitted by user Hadley Hendricks to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on Disarming

On September 11, 2002, we saw as a country what terrorists can do. It was the first time in my life; I had witness mass destruction in this country. The loss of so many human lives’s. People just trying to go to work, have a family, and make a living for themselves. On that day the people of this country gave up some of their freedom, and liberties that they took for granted. Because of this we saw President Bush focus his attention on Saddam Hussein. President Bush Believes that Saddam Hussein pursuit of weapons of mass destruction pose a grave danger, not only to his neighbors, but also to the United States. His regime aids, and protects terrorists, including members of Al Qaeda. He could decide secretly to provide weapons of mass destruction to terrorists to use against the Untied States. As of January 30, 2003, Eight European Leaders supported the disarming of Iraq. In a statement issue around the world, they express that more than ever in today’s world it is vital that we preserve unity, and cohesion. We know that success in the day-to-day battles against terrorism, and the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction demands unwarering determination, and firm international cohesion on the part of all countries for which freedom is precious. On January 30 the U.N. Weapons inspectors have confirmed that Saddam Hussein long-term established pattern of deception, denial and non-compliance with U.N. Security Council resolutions is continuing. Also on January 30, 2003, President Bush Expressed his gratitude to the eight European Leaders, and to other who are supportive of his efforts to make certain that Saddam Hussein is disarmed. But Diplomatic efforts to find a peaceful solution to the problem of Iraq’s failure to get rid of it’s weapons of mass destruction will continue indefinitely, President Bush said. The President is hoping ‘ the pressure of the free world† would convince Saddam Hussein to relinquis... Free Essays on Disarming Free Essays on Disarming On September 11, 2002, we saw as a country what terrorists can do. It was the first time in my life; I had witness mass destruction in this country. The loss of so many human lives’s. People just trying to go to work, have a family, and make a living for themselves. On that day the people of this country gave up some of their freedom, and liberties that they took for granted. Because of this we saw President Bush focus his attention on Saddam Hussein. President Bush Believes that Saddam Hussein pursuit of weapons of mass destruction pose a grave danger, not only to his neighbors, but also to the United States. His regime aids, and protects terrorists, including members of Al Qaeda. He could decide secretly to provide weapons of mass destruction to terrorists to use against the Untied States. As of January 30, 2003, Eight European Leaders supported the disarming of Iraq. In a statement issue around the world, they express that more than ever in today’s world it is vital that we preserve unity, and cohesion. We know that success in the day-to-day battles against terrorism, and the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction demands unwarering determination, and firm international cohesion on the part of all countries for which freedom is precious. On January 30 the U.N. Weapons inspectors have confirmed that Saddam Hussein long-term established pattern of deception, denial and non-compliance with U.N. Security Council resolutions is continuing. Also on January 30, 2003, President Bush Expressed his gratitude to the eight European Leaders, and to other who are supportive of his efforts to make certain that Saddam Hussein is disarmed. But Diplomatic efforts to find a peaceful solution to the problem of Iraq’s failure to get rid of it’s weapons of mass destruction will continue indefinitely, President Bush said. The President is hoping ‘ the pressure of the free world† would convince Saddam Hussein to relinquis...

Immigration Problem In The U.S. Essays - Demography, Population

Immigration Problem In The U.S. Essays - Demography, Population Immigration Problem in the U.S. The first move stopping immigration decided by Congress was a law in 1862 restricting American vessels to transport Chinese immigrants to the U.S. The Alien Contract Labor Laws of 1885, 1887, 1888, and 1891 restricted the immigration to the U.S. of people entering the country to work under contracts made before their arrival. Alien skilled laborers, under these laws, were allowed to enter the U.S. to work in new industries. By this time anti-immigrant felling rose with the flood of immigrants and in this period the anti-Catholic, anti-foreign political party the Know-Nothings, was already born. After World War I a marked increase in racism and the growth of isolationist sentiment in the U.S. led to demands for further tight legislation. In 1921 a congressional act provided for a quota system for immigrants, which the number of aliens of any nationality admitted to the U.S. in a year could not exceed 3 percent of the number of foreign-born residents of that nationality living in the U.S. in 1910. This law applied to nations of Europe, the Middle East, Africa, Australia, New Zealand, Asian Russia, and certain islands in the Atlantic and Pacific. In the 1980s concern about the surge of illegal aliens into the U.S. has led Congress to pass legislation aimed at cutting illegal immigration. The Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986 allows most illegal aliens who have resided in the U.S. regularly since January 1, 1982, to apply for legal status. Also, the law prohibits employers from hiring illegal aliens and mandates penalties for violations. Debate over immigration and immigration policy is not new to the nation's history. From time to time, Congress jarred legislation to control the flow of immigration. As immigration rises and hatred grows more laws will be implemented trying to release some of the pressure. Illegal immigration has some pros and cons. I will discuss the pros first and explain them briefly in order for you to get a better underezding of the position. It offers cheaper labor to businesses. By not paying minimum wages to the workers who are willing to work for a lower price, this gives the business an edge over other competitors. Provides culture diversity in the united states. Bringing in immigrants gives more and different cultures to the U.S.. which can expand businesses to other fields of the world. Also giving people a more underezding of other cultures. Lowers the cost of products produced in the U.S. that we buy. If the businesses can produce products and services at a low price keeping there overhead low, then we as a consumer will also pay a lower price. Most illegals are skilled workers and helps run the economy. Other countries economy is also being helped. The workers bring money to their families out side of the U.S. which in most cases the U.S. dollar has a higher value than their own. Experts disagree saying the cons of this issue out way the pros. Next I will discuss some cons and explain them briefly. Illegal immigrants pay no tax. If they pay no taxes then how can we as a country pay for public services we as well as they do. Sending money out of our economy and sending it to their families abroad. If money is taken out of our economy it causes a monetary problem. this can cause an inaccurate account of money in circulation which might cause inflation. Lower wages. If an illegal is willing to work for under the minimum wage then the employer will not pay more for the job to any other employ. In fact might higher only illegals and take away jobs form legal residents who are willing to work. When illegals come to this country they do not get tested for diseases that might infect the population. Which can cause a health problem. Such as polio, tuberculosis and other forms of diseases. Illegals cost the states money, paying for education, health care, and other social services. In an already under funded programs they give these services a more heavy burden to deal with. Republicans have reached agreement among themselves on legislation designed to combat illegal immigration. But with their package facing delaying tactics from

The Main Monetary and Fiscal Policy Instruments Available to the Essay

The Main Monetary and Fiscal Policy Instruments Available to the British Government - Essay Example rend of contracting and competitive tendering so that services improve through competition between the private and public sector in such areas as NHS catering, laundry and cleaning services along with infrastructure development and correction services. The government has initiated such schemes as value for money for its departments by setting performance parameters in increased numbers (Riley, â€Å"Fiscal Policy,† par. 7). Demand and Supply-side Policy Demand and supply side policies are government tools that help it to achieve policy aims. The demand side policies of the UK government are: 1. Fiscal policy—it is related to levying of taxes and government outlays. 2. Monetary policy—it governs issues like rate of interest and flow of money. 3. Exchange rate policy—it involves shuffling in the rate of Sterling Pound. Supply-side Policies 1. Help the government in boosting competition and performance in product markets. 2. Help in increasing of competition and production in factor markets, particularly labour markets. 3. Help in boosting the domestic savings by offering incentives. 4. Offer attractive schemes to firms for increased production and investment (Economics Online, â€Å"Fiscal Policy,† par. 6). Fiscal Policy It is the planned attempts to change the government outlay or taxation to gain desired macroeconomic results by manipulation in aggregate demand. There are two classes of fiscal policies, discretionary and automatic. 1. Discretionary policy. It is related to such policies that are formulated and enforced by one-off policy changes. 2. Automatic policy helps in stabilizing the economy by fiscal drag and fiscal boost (Economics Online par. 1). Fiscal Drag It diminishes the effect of increased income for goods as taxes are levied in increased ratios....An active fiscal policy increases the chances of deficit budgeting which is central to Keynesianism; it is still a trend of the British government to boost the morale of the money markets by not indulging in grand scale fiscal surpluses. Under the New Labour government, the fiscal policy plays a passive role in changing the budget deficit position over a business cycle but it should not mean that the New Labour government has terminated the active fiscal policy in principle; it has been ‘coarse-tuning’ the fiscal policy to get positive vibes. The New Labour does not deny a desired rate of unemployment, delinking any correlation between inflation and unemployment, which shows that in macroeconomic policy no setting in aggregate and effective demand is possible. The concept of interplay between supply and demand sides and their relation with unemployment can be clearly seen in the New Labour government. The need for interaction between both microeconomic and macroeconomic policies is needed for growth, stability and employment. Supply-side issues are important but demand jerks are risky. The New Labour government is nearer to Keynesia n in identifying that demand alone cannot ensure stability in employment, a crucial feature of New Labour’s political economy. One thing is clear that policies of the New Labour government have not promoted competitiveness. It is significant to note that the New Labour government has not faced a test of its macroeconomic policies in recession time although Britain’s macroeconomic policies have reduced the tremors felt by France and Germany in 2002-03.

Do you agree the impossibility of measuring the size of ecological Essay

Do you agree the impossibility of measuring the size of ecological footprints accurately undermines the idea of ecological citizenship - Essay Example rol the rate of individual man’s exploitation of natural resources, but the question that arises in this context is: can the ecological footprint support and incorporate corporate citizenship or does it actually undermine it? This study examines whether and to what extent, the ecological footprint can contribute towards environmental sustainability and how far it promotes or undermines a spirit of ecological citizenship. The co-creator of the concept of ecological footprint is Mathis Wackermagel, who in an interview, pointed out that there must be some degree of relative parity in the use of Earth’s resources among individuals from different parts of the planet.1 The ecological footprint offers a measurable tool that can determine how much of land and water resources humans need in order to be able to produce the resources they use and to absorb the wastes they generate, and this has been pegged at a footprint of 4.5 acres per person. But in the United States, the average size of this footprint is much larger, i.e, about 24 acres, which suggests that the average American citizen uses up much more than his or her fair share of the resources of the Planet.2 An ecological footprint may be defined as a â€Å"measurement of the land area required to sustain a population of any size.†3 Wackernagel, the co-creator of the ecological footprint, has defined it as â€Å"the land (and water) area that would be required to support a defined human population and material standard indefinitely.†4 Every individual uses certain basic amenities such as food, electricity and other basic amenities in order to survive and these resources need to be derived within the constraints of nature by using raw natural resources. An ecological footprint thus seeks to determine the amount of both land and water resources that must be used by every individual in order to sustain a population of any size over a future continuous period, with such an assessment being made on the basis of the

The Diversity Board Assignment Essay Example for Free

The Diversity Board Assignment Essay 1. 2-3 pages typed, double-spaced, using 12 pt. Times New Roman font. 2. 2-3 sources required using APA format—Magazines, Books, Newspaper Articles, Internet Articles, etc. a. Resources for using APA format and for evaluating internet sources: i. Pg. 237 of Guidebook: Sample Bibliographic Citations in APA format ii. Purdue OWL: APA formatting guide: http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/01/ iii. Pg. 239 of Guidebook: â€Å"Checklist for Evaluating Information Found on the Internet† 3. Title page required. 4. Use at least 3 of the class topics listed on pg. 50 of your guidebook (under â€Å"7 Written Responses†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ) b. Please BOLD these terms within your paper so they are easy for me to find. 5. Answer the 7 written responses—1 paragraph per question. c. The first question is more of an introduction to your diversity role and should contain a thesis statement previewing your paper as its last sentence. d. Include an 8th conclusion paragraph at the end—reiterate your main points/thesis and give a solid conclusion. 6. Write in 1st person—i.e., â€Å"My morning is much like everyone else’s†¦Ã¢â‚¬  e. Feel free to be creative and create a completely new character with a unique name, job, lifestyle, etc. 7. Edit your final draft for grammar and punctuation errors. At LEAST hit â€Å"spell check†!! 8. Please only print on one side of the paper. 9. Rip out pg. 53 of your Guidebook (the grading rubric) and staple it to the back of your final paper. This is what I will use to grade your essay. Guidebook Page Numbers: * pp. 49-50: Full Description of Assignment * p. 53: Grading Rubric that you must turn in to me BLANK * p. 55-60 pp. 61-65: Sample diversity board papers (your papers should look and sound like these!) I am A Muslim In America David Poku My name is Ahil, my name is from Arabic decent and means Prince. I was born very dark skinned. I am now 21 years old man living in America and I am Muslim, it is for this reason that I have been both blessed and cursed. As a Muslim, we are just like most any people aside from the fact that we are not entitled to drink alcohol, have any type of pork, and no sex outside of marriage. I live in Austin, TX. The people here are very different yet in many instances can seem to be the exact same. The word Muslim is an Arabic word that means â€Å"One who submits to Allah and Allah as the one and only one God with no partner, no son, no companion, no associate, and no equivalence.†(). I came to America for an opportunity that I could not be granted in the place of my birth. Since I could remember I have aspired to be a great car salesman. When I was young and living in Jordan, everyone always spoke of doing whatever they could to try and get an opportunity to come and find success in t his so called wonderful place called America, but I am here to tell my fellow people that why there is a great set of opportunities beset upon those who travel here, there is also two sides to this story. My religion is a s just a part of me as the air that I breathe, or the food that I eat, or the very water that I drink, but for the life of me, I have tried to in almost every way possible to conceal this. All of the stories and the things that I heard from the place of my birth were crammed with positive affirmations of achieving a dream that can be attained with hard work and time, but like I said before there is two sides to every story. When I came here, I was told that people were more accepting to various cultures, but after a terrorist incident that the people in America call 9/11, the public eye has since seemed to scrutinize people who follow the Islamic foundations. Apparently the people tied to the terrorist attack were of Middle Eastern decent and because of that fact the masses of America seemed to have all adopted the inconsistent notion that these people followed this religion. This is the first curse and a blessing that I have been brought acknowledge. The ignorance of people permeates me, I have tried to educate the few that I was unfortunate enough to engage in a conversation that dealt with this, thinking that maybe if I educate a few the word would somehow get out and spread to those who belief this faulty notion that everyone who is Muslim is a part of some secret terrorist regime and cannot be trusted. Five years passed as I spread the word to many and many more. I started my own church and preached the true word of Islam to everyone, it didn’t matter what religion they were, what the color of their skin was, or what the once thought before, as long as I could burden them with the truth. Do not be confused, I was not pressing my religions beliefs to change or convert the religion ideologies of others, I just wanted to let everyone know the true meaning of y religious foundation. I was now 26 years old, with a wife, Sara, and 2 kids, and I had spread around 3 different church facilities in Austin. My boy who was 6 years olds name was Aaban, and my daughter, who was 8, was named Manha. One day I was taking my family to the airport to go visit the place of my birth. I realized something very peculiar, as we were boarding, the people in the airport stared at my family, as if we were doing something wrong. You see some people can easily identify Muslim people sometimes; my wife and daughter were wearing Shawls that day. In the Muslim religion, women are supposed to cover their hair as means of being modest. Many people in American may not know or understand this. As a people we tend to fear or express caution to things we do not understand. It was then and only then did I realize that no matter how many ears I reached with my initiative to spread the true meaning of Islam that it would not change a thing. These people seem to hold the people who identify with Muslim as a whole responsible for the terrorist attack that took place on 9/11. It was because of the realization of this fact that I handed off the ownership/pastoring of my churches to another individual who I had met that was willing to take it over. I sought to become the car salesman that I had always aspired to be. I sent out more than a thousand applications in one month, driving from place to place. I met with over 100 managers for different car salesman jobs, and on my own free time took all the spare time I had to learn about cars. Every single meeting I went to, I was met with a sort of indifferent look, that always followed wit where are you from? By the time I was 30, I knew everything there was to know about cars, I even at times impressed interviewees that were questioning me because I had known things that their staff did not, but one small fact remained, I still had not found a job. I was beginning to lose hope, but my nature was to strive for success at any cost, I could not let my family down. One day when I was at a Starbucks parking lot, I saw a very young man with the hood of what looked like his car up and there were clouds of smoke engulfing the engine. I went over for assistance, and saw that this man was a well versed with car mechanics, yet he was flawed with one aspect of what he was doing. I asked the young man if I could fix his car for him. I saw a very arrogant smile on his face, and he said you can give it a try. Ten minutes later I had his car running. When I waked to go shut the hood of his car, I was met with a very firm handshake of another man, an older man, the man looked familiar. He shook my hand, and said, I thank you for fixing my car. He looked at my kind of funny and said: â€Å"aren’t you the man who started that set of churches a couple years back?† I replied yes, but I am no longer running those churches. The man replied: â€Å" I have always was admired your way with people and wanted to tell you about an opportunity. You see.. I run a car dealership wanted to see if you would be interested in working with me? I smiled and told the man, that the foundation of Islamic faith is peace and at this very moment I have found it, through all of the prejudice, the ignorance that has beset itself upon my family and I, I am now in a place where I can surrender myself to my god and derive peace and it is for that, that I thank you. So this message is for everyone that plans to come to America, this is the other side of the story, you will be faced with prejudice, with people who fear you because they do not understand you, you will hesitate and may start to resent your decent or question your religion, but I am here to tell you when you find peace you will finally see that the curse is a blessing in disguise. References Associated Press, (10/24/12). Spying on the Muslim Community. Muslim In America, pp. 1-2. Rauf, Feisal. A. (April 1, 2011). Five Myths About Muslims. American Muslims, N/A pp. 1-2.

Carbon Monoxide Poisoning and Cardiovascular Disease

Carbon Monoxide Poisoning and Cardiovascular Disease Mohammad Faisal Association of moderate to severe Carbon Monoxide (CO) poisoning and Cardiovascular disease Introduction Carbon monoxide (CO) is colorless and odorless gas which can be very fatal and has important clinical values mainly due to the toxicological affects it can create. A broad range of studies suggest that acute CO poisoning may cause sudden deaths and other deadly clinical manifestations such as toxicity of central nervous system, comma etc. In USA 50,000 cases of CO poisoning along with 2700 deaths are reported each year (Lee, F. et al., 2015). However, the relationship between moderate to severe CO poisoning and developing cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) has not been studied properly even though CVD is assumed to be a frequent outcome of CO poisoning (Henry, C. R. 2006). Since general people might easily be exposed to CO through incorrectly installed, poorly ventilated or poorly maintained household appliances, it is not uncommon to be exposed to various level of CO poisoning as well. Therefore, in this literature review I have explored the correlation between moderate to severe CO poi soning and cardiovascular risk in the general population ranging from children to adults. Usually carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) and hemoglobin (Hb) concentrations are measured in order to determine the extent of poisoning (moderate to severe) caused by CO. The articles regarding acute CO poisoning are not considered in this review since it usually causes sudden death and reports regarding acute CO poisoning and long term manifestation of CVD is not clear and very limited. In this review, in total 7 articles were used; five of the studies were published during the last 7 years, whereas 2 of them were published in 2006. Relationship of CO poisoning to Myocardial injury and Peripheral artery disease Moderate to severe CO poisoning was studied in a prospective cohort study from 1994 to 2002 in Hennepin County Medical Center. The study was followed up till 2005 and the investigators found that myocardial injury (MI) was a frequent clinical manifestation in the moderate to severe CO exposed group. The two markers of MI: cardiac troponin I or creatine kinase-MB levels were measured and found to be higher among the exposed group than usual. Investigators determined that the hazard ratio (HR) of patients who eventually died from MI and who died from other consequences other than MI was 2.1 (95% CI: 1.2-3.7) (Henry, C. R. 2006). In another retrospective study in Taiwan, investigators examined a large cohort of patients who were subjected to CO poisoning and compared them with a frequency matched control cohort at a ratio of 1:4. The study was done from 1998 to 2010 and the investigators used Cox proportional hazards regression models for their analytical approach. Outcome was measured using angiography, magnetic resonance angiography and it was found that the patients exposed to moderate to severe CO poisoning had 1.85-fold higher chances of developing peripheral artery disease (PAD) compared to the control group. However the risk was much higher between the two groups when some comorbidities such as hyperlipidemia and diabetes were ignored, which eventually supported the CO poisoning and peripheral artery disease (PAD) more strongly (Chen, Y. et al., 2015). Risk of Developing Cardiovascular disease Since moderate to severe CO poisoning is related to myocardial injury, a large retrospective cohort, somewhat similar to the previous one mentioned above was done considering the CO poisoning and hospitalization data from 2000 to 2011. Investigators found a significant association between CO poisoning and arrhythmia among the CO poisoned patients (1.83 fold higher) compared to the control cohort. Also a significant correlation was seemed to exist with Coronary artery disease (CAD) and Coronary heart disease (CHD), but the correlation was not statistically significant after adjusting for confounders (Lee, F. et al., 2015). This study was particularly important considering the fact that most of the previous studies, regarding this association were done in small scale. For example, a case report between CO poisoning and subsequent development of cardiomyopathy was reported in a restaurant worker who was diagnosed with very high levels of cardiac enzymes along with high carboxyhemoglobin , even though he was ruled out of acute ischemic heart disease according to diagnosis reports (Kim, H et al., 2015). This type of study indicates an association of CO poisoning with cardiovascular disease but as mentioned before it wasnt enough to be convincing and required large sample based investigation rather than any individual case report to establish the association. For this reason, the two cohorts, done from 1998 to 2010 and 2000 to 2011 were particularly important in this regard. In Hennepin County Medical Center (HCMC), 230 patients who were diagnosed with moderate to severe CO poisoning were examined, and investigators reported frequent cardiovascular and myocardial injury (MI). Among those patients 35% had elevated levels of creatine kinase or troponin I (cardiovascular biomarkers) along with 37% MI injury biomarkers. Even most of the patients who died during hospitalization, were diagnosed with cardiac arrest, Coronary artery disease (CAD) along with abnormal electrocardiogram (ECG) (Satran, D et al., 2006). However, some case reports indicated a difficulty of diagnosis between severe CO poisoning and myocardial injury due to a large spectrum of confusing symptoms of CO poisoning. CO poisoning is often involved with tissue hypoxia which might indicate neurological manifestations other than cardiovascular manifestations and make the diagnosis procedure somewhat complex (Grieb, G. et al., 2011).ÂÂ   Most of the reported studies regarding CO poisoning a nd cardiovascular manifestations were conducted with adult participants. However, a particular study indicated that CO poisoning may have more harmful effects to infants and children than the adults due the fact that, the basal metabolic rate along with the tissue oxygen demand is much higher in children. This study was conducted between 2004 to 2007 and reported an association between CO poisoning and cardiovascular manifestations, according to the diagnosis reports of elevated cardiovascular biomarkers among children under 17 years of age, but surprisingly the electrocardiogram (ECG) reports were normal (Teksam, O. et al., 2010). Limitations There are some limitations in the studies regarding moderate to severe CO poisoning and cardiovascular manifestations. Even though, in some studies- an association to CVD was shown, information regarding participants use of medication, or any previous treatment for CVD was not available which might have been influential. Moreover, some of the the risk factors such as smoking, dietary pattern, obesity etc. were missing (Chen, Y. et al., 2015). Some studies were retrospective which may not establish a causal relationship between the exposure and outcome. Investigators also suspected miscoding and misclassification in some cases of disease definition. Some other factors such as family history of CVD, educational background, socioeconomic status were also missing. Another important limitation was lack of sufficient laboratory data including electrocardiogram (ECG), and other cardiovascular markers which were considered to be vital for CVD manifestation as well. In some study, investigato rs were uncertain whether the patients developed cardiovascular disease before they were exposed to CO poisoning. Patients who were diagnosed at later stages of any study were subjected to loss to follow-up for long term analysis of CVD morbidity (Lee, F. et al., 2015). Finally, the epidemiological and geographical differences may not be generalized to USA and other countries. Conclusion Moderate to severe carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning is responsible for tissue hypoxia, which may ultimately lead to myocardial injury. Other than hypoxia, CO poisoning may also cause free radical formation, lipid peroxidation, and nitric oxide (NO) induced cellular apoptosis-which all may be responsible for developing cardiovascular disease in long term. A prospective cohort study including the measurement of all these biomarkers for a reasonably long time would elucidate more clear association with CVD. It has been evident from some studies that diagnosis of CO poisoning is complex and risky to draw any conclusion for any association. So, other than depending on hospital based data, some other animal models like mouse can be used in this purpose at times. Also, some studies showed some different clinical patterns of CO poisoning and CVD. In one study, a group of participants showed the presence of less cardiac risk factors even though they were subjected to severe CO poisoning. On the other hand, some other participants showed the presence of higher cardiac risk factors while they were subjected to moderate CO poisoning. Age and heart dysfunctions of some specific location e.g. left ventricular function were found to be coherent with the observed risk factors (Satran, D et al., 2006). In this regard these data need to be considered, even though many retrospective studies lacked these data. So, it can be said that future studies will definitely require the evaluation of serial biomarkers along with electrocardiogram (ECG) of all participants, who are exposed to moderate to severe CO poisoning. This will definitely help the therapeutic approach along with developing proper strategies to prevent any cardiovascular disease associated with moderate to severe CO poisoning. References Chen, Y., Lin, T., Dai, M., Lin, C., Hung, Y., Huang, W., Kao, C. (2015, 10). Risk of Peripheral Artery Disease in Patients With Carbon Monoxide Poisoning. Medicine, 94(40). doi:10.1097/md.0000000000001608 Grieb, G., Simons, D., Piatkowski, A., Altiok, E., Eppstein, R. J., Bernhagen, J., Pallua, N. (2011, 06). Carbon monoxide intoxication versus myocardial infarction: An easy diagnosis? Burns, 37(4). doi:10.1016/j.burns.2011.01.002 Henry, C. R. (2006, 01). Myocardial Injury and Long-term Mortality Following Moderate to Severe Carbon Monoxide Poisoning. Jama, 295(4), 398. doi:10.1001/jama.295.4.398 Kim, H., Chung, Y. K., Kwak, K. M., Ahn, S., Kim, Y., Ju, Y., Kim, E. (2015, 04). Carbon monoxide poisoning-induced cardiomyopathy from charcoal at a barbecue restaurant: A case report. Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 27(1). doi:10.1186/s40557-015-0063-2 Lee, F., Chen, W., Lin, C., Kao, C. (2015, 03). Carbon Monoxide Poisoning and Subsequent Cardiovascular Disease Risk. Medicine, 94(10). doi:10.1097/md.0000000000000624 Satran, D., Henry, C., Adkinson, C. (2006, 03). Cardiovascular Manifestations of Moderate to Severe Carbon Monoxide Poisoning. Annals of Emergency Medicine, 47(3), 298. doi:10.1016/j.annemergmed.2006.01.009 Teksam, O., Gumus, P., Bayrakci, B., Erdogan, I., Kale, G. (2010, 08). Acute cardiac effects of carbon monoxide poisoning in children. European Journal of Emergency Medicine, 17(4), 192-196. doi:10.1097/mej.0b013e328320ad48

Digital Communication

Joshua Feliciano – 110445 Mr. Basile IB ITGS – 11 4. 27. 2010 Digital Communication in the 21st century Digital communication can be defined as an electronic transmission of information that has been encoded digitally. This specifically means that digital communication is data communication of information that is converted from text to code digitally. Digital communication can also be effective communication dealing with web, multimedia, video or graphics, and digital media. Some forms of digital communication can be texting, IM, e-mail, podcasting etc. Digital communication plays an important part in today's daily life in many different perspectives. In today's age, most people find digital communication a lot more easier and teachers and professors find it a bit more comprehensive. Today’s companies and organizations, use different types of media to reach and retain their audience. Digital communication helps jobs and businesses communicate a lot faster through e-mail, multimedia, texting, power point, presentations etc. As for students in any school or college, all these digital communication advantages also help and make it a lot more accessible. Throughout the decades, technology has improved drastically and gets more highly skilled as time goes on. In the past there was no such thing as digital communication. All communication was through hand written letters, phone calls, or people would just have to go visit whoever it is in person. Digital communication has made a huge change and difference in today's age. Its more comprehended and explanatory. In today's society a lot more can be accomplished with the digital communication and technology that exists today. Some of these digital communications can be text messaging, video or graphics, multimedia, podcasting, and digital media. Back then in about the 1990's, there was no such thing as any of these digital communications and advantages. Video or graphics and multimedia may have been in useable but, it definitely wasn't as advanced, updated, or even in good picture quality as today's technology and digital communication. This is significant in a couple of different ways. Not only is everything faster, and looks nicer but, all the improved technology saves every individual a lot of time in their life. With all the development and improved technology, digital communication has really made a difference for people in today's age. Digital communication contains many advantages and disadvantages. Some being good and others being bad. Advantages of digital communication can be that it is faster and easier, no paper is wasted, messages can be stored in the device for longer times without being damaged unlike paper files that easily get damages, it can be done over large distances through internet and other things, it is comparatively cheaper and the work which requires a lot of people can be done simply by one person as folders and other such facilities can be maintained, and it provides facilities like video conferencing which save a lot of time, money and effort. Digital communication also contains many disadvantages which can be that it is unreliable as the messages cannot be recognised by signatures, sometimes the quickness of digital communication is harmful as messages can be sent with the click of a mouse, it has completely ignored the human touch in which a personal touch cannot be established because all the computers will have the same font, and greater bandwidth. In conclusion, digital communication can be defined as the ability to create communications in different media, which can be its websites, video, audio, text, or animated multimedia. It's important in today's society because it's much faster and more understanding other than having to deal with letters that you can't comprehend. In today's age, digital communication can be more visible and more fun with the advancement of video or graphics, multimedia, podcasting text messaging, e-mail etc. This is significant because everything is much faster and more advanced. Overall digital communication had its advantages and disadvantages some being good and some being bad which in the end was still a very successful improvement of today's technology. Work Cited http://www. adobe. com/education/presentation/digital_communication/ http://www. macromediastudiomx. biz/uk/education/solutions/pdfs/dc_for_all_students. pdf http://www. answerbag. com/q_view/31169

Linda Barry †Case Study Essay

Linda Barry, a single mother with 3 children, was hired as an order-entry clerk for a trucking firm. Her first 2 weeks on the job were spent in a special class from 8am-4pm, where she learned how to sort, code and enter the orders on the computer, as instructor with her constantly at first, and then less frequently as she gained knowledge, skills and confidence. Linda was happy to have the job and enjoyed her work schedule. When the training was completed, she was told to report to the order entry department the following Monday. When she was first employed, either Linda failed to read and understand the printed information about her regular work schedule or perhaps the recruiter forgot to tell her that she was to fill a spot in a special shift that worked from 4am till noon. In any case, Linda failed to report to work on the early schedule on the first day of regular work. When she did arrive at 8am, her supervisor criticized her for lack of responsibility. Barry responded by saying that she could not work at the early shift because she had to prepare her children for school, and she threatened to resign if she could not work on the later shift because of a heavy work load and a difficult labor market, the supervisor needed Linda to do the job yet no room for her in the 8am-4pm shift. QUESTIONS: 1. Analyze the communication blockages in this case. Discuss what ideas of communication, listening, realistic job previews, feedbacks and interference it has. 2. Explain how you would handle the employment situation at the end of the case. What ideas could be applied to help solve the problem?

Free Essays on Organization Development-Creativity

â€Å"In the Creative Economy, the most important intellectual property isn’t software or music or movies. It’s the stuff inside employees’ heads. When assets were physical things like coalmines, shareholders truly owned them. But when the vital assets are people, there can be no true ownership. The best that corporations can do is to create an environment that makes the best people want to stay1† -Cor Peter An organization that stimulates creativity develops novel approaches to doing the work or unique solution to problems. Innovation is the process of taking a creative idea and turning it into a useful product, service, or method of operation. Thus, the innovative company is characterized by its ability to channel creativity into useful outcomes. When managers talk about changing an organization to make it more creative, they usually mean they want to stimulate innovation. Nevertheless, sometimes just have creative people is not enough. It takes the right environment for the innovation process to take hold and prosper. Robbins and Coulter (1999) have identified three sets of variables that have been found to stimulate innovation: the organization’s structure, culture, and human resource practices2. The importance of innovation in the textile industry has risen dramatically during the last few decades. â€Å"Innovate or lose† has increasingly become the rallying cry of today’s managers. During the peak of the industrial era, a company could prosper from slowly developing and refining one single product or service. The increasing pace with which business now reshapes itself – propelled by the new capabilities offered by information technology, which places higher demand on the organizational memb... Free Essays on Organization Development-Creativity Free Essays on Organization Development-Creativity â€Å"In the Creative Economy, the most important intellectual property isn’t software or music or movies. It’s the stuff inside employees’ heads. When assets were physical things like coalmines, shareholders truly owned them. But when the vital assets are people, there can be no true ownership. The best that corporations can do is to create an environment that makes the best people want to stay1† -Cor Peter An organization that stimulates creativity develops novel approaches to doing the work or unique solution to problems. Innovation is the process of taking a creative idea and turning it into a useful product, service, or method of operation. Thus, the innovative company is characterized by its ability to channel creativity into useful outcomes. When managers talk about changing an organization to make it more creative, they usually mean they want to stimulate innovation. Nevertheless, sometimes just have creative people is not enough. It takes the right environment for the innovation process to take hold and prosper. Robbins and Coulter (1999) have identified three sets of variables that have been found to stimulate innovation: the organization’s structure, culture, and human resource practices2. The importance of innovation in the textile industry has risen dramatically during the last few decades. â€Å"Innovate or lose† has increasingly become the rallying cry of today’s managers. During the peak of the industrial era, a company could prosper from slowly developing and refining one single product or service. The increasing pace with which business now reshapes itself – propelled by the new capabilities offered by information technology, which places higher demand on the organizational memb...

Shorten The Learning Curve For Onboarding Your Team To CoSchedule

Shorten The Learning Curve For Onboarding Your Team To Have you ever heard the epic story of Hernn Cortà ©s? He was the Spanish explorer who brought about six hundred soldiers with him to conquer a mysterious new world. As legend has it, when their ships touched ground, he gave a surprising order: Burn the ships! The explorer made it clear, their only option was to move forward.  In his journal, Cortà ©s explained,  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Were all in and theres no turning back.† While historians have a quibble with the nitty-gritty details- everyone agrees that their ships were scuttled and they forfeited their way home. The lesson for us marketers definitely isnt to strike out on a conquest but it is something radical. When your team is switching to , ensure there is no path back to the status quo. The old way of doing things. In this post, Im going to share three ways to shorten the learning curve for onboarding your team to . Because, lets face it, the faster your team gets rolling with , the faster your results go up, your time spent on trivial details goes down, and you look like a marketing genius while it happens. So, youre going to learn to: Be ultra-specific with what this new world of will look like. Create a desire in your team for accomplishing more (fueled by ). Remove friction between your team and adoption. To help you do this, I have a couple amazing things just for you: A free, 1-on-1 marketing demo of for you and your team, A bundle of specific resources to help you onboard your team with ease. ⠏ °Ã‚  Pick a time for your marketing demo. ðŸâ€"‚  Grab your resources. ðŸ˜Æ'  Now lets get to onboarding! in oneplace. Save 20 hrs this week alone and every weekafter. If youve ever kicked the tires on , nows the time to see what its reallylike. Schedule Your Demo Success! Your download should start shortly. Clean up the chaos with your editorial calendar! With , youll Save time with blogging, social, and email think HOURS every week Schedule your social posts in batches and increase your posting frequency super easily Get your sht together and hold yourself accountable to publishing like the boss you are! Now’s the perfect time to start your 14-day free trial to see for yourself! Start Your Free Trial

Based on a classroom learning experience, discuss the social Essay

Based on a classroom learning experience, discuss the social psychological influences on your academic achievement - Essay Example Your academic success today is not necessarily indicative of your success in the future. Working to improve shows others that you have not given up on yourself, so others will not likely give up on you (Ekeler, W. 1997).† The aspiration of every parent for their children is that they develop themselves into mature individuals who can have faith and confidence in themselves that they will succeed in life. Although the interaction within the family is a factor that can help mold the attitude and characteristics of the students, the parents have a high regard for the teachers in school to reinforce this perception. It is a fact, that in the schooling years, the children would spend at least one-third of the day in school, five days a week, thus the influence of the teachers and the interrelationship with their peers, provide the bigger factor in a child’s social development. While in school, the student have to decide with whom to conform, either with a chosen group, or the teacher’s influence with regards to his identity, that he had seemingly impressed upon the teacher. It can help when one realizes how difficult it is to decide whether to belong to a group, or to take the risk of giving up old friends, being aware that time will come, when they will be going in different directions. One discouraging idea for an individual to pursue the satisfaction of his own self identity, is that it can be lonely. Generally, a student is not aware of the Social Identity Theory, which explains that a person has not one personal self, but rather several selves that correspond to widening circles of group membership, in which the quest for positive distinctiveness means that people’s sense of who they are is defined in terms of â€Å"we† rather than â€Å"I.† (2010) A classroom experience has the tendency to implant a lasting impact, and unbeknownst to the teachers, can affect the attitude and behavior of a student towards his learning gr owth or outlook towards himself. For example, the process by which the teachers would normally segregate the students in a classroom, based on their own judgment, which is not always true and accurate, can prove to be discouraging. There was this one student who believes he has the potential to excel. However, he has not shown that side of him yet, because there was no chance. The teacher did not see him as an achiever, therefore, he was placed among the lower set, while the perceived achievers were grouped seated separately. Naturally, he was not given an opportunity to show his bright academic side. He got easily influenced with the others in his group, who were comfortable and conveniently happy that the teachers did not expect much from them. Therefore, he did not see the importance of working and studying harder. During the final test, he got a low mark, even though, at the start of the sessions, he was confident that he has the ability to tackle complex exercises. The above ex perience may be the result of first impressions that readily form the social perception. If there is no special reason to think negatively about a person, one's first impression of that person will normally be positive, as people tend to give others the benefit of the doubt. However, people are especially attentive to negative factors, and if these are present,

My topic is about Do no allow Giving Prescription Privileges to Research Paper

My topic is about Do no allow Giving Prescription Privileges to Psychologists - Research Paper Example Moreover, this discussion will entail a critical analysis of the argument to facilitate their coherence. Nevertheless, there is need for more research in order to draw conclusion that prescription privileges for psychologists can be a solution for tribulations experienced in metal health care systems. Table of Contents Executive Summary 4 Introduction 5 Methods 9 Results 9 Conclusion 12 Recommendations 14 References 16 Executive Summary This report will present details of an argument against psychologist, who are seeking to acquire prescription privileges; in fact, it addresses the state legislature by offering recommendation to discourage effort towards favor of prescription privileges for psychologists. In this case, the report includes an introduction section with an overview of potentially negative effects of these privileges on the future of patients with mental health. The report will cover a brief section explaining the methodology applied in gathering relevant ideas from diff erent sources. The result section will present ideas gathered from different sources, where all arguments opposing the prescription privileges will be evaluated. The report will conclude by indicating that there is a significant cost associated with effort to seeking to acquire the right for prescribing psychoactive medications by psychologists. In fact, this is leads to a notion that it would cause a significant alteration professional psychology in numerous ways; for instance, some professionals may be less appearing to the public. Lastly, the report will offer recommendations indicating that state legislature should not support the prescription privileges for psychologists, and necessary reasons to support this idea will be presented. Introduction Treatment of psychiatric disorders involving use of psychotropic prescription has increased in the past few years. However, there have been researches aimed at increasing understanding of nature of human brain, mental illness, and somat ic treatment; in fact these are considered as the mainstay of psychiatric treatment (Dombeck, 2013). On the other hand, the shift of mental illness paradigm towards neurobiological etiologic has rendered to establishment of principles of practices and compensation for health care services offered; in fact, this reimbursement has been significantly directed towards pharmacological interventions. This report focuses on presenting an argument against offering prescription privileges to psychologist; thus, it recommends that the state legislature should not to allow prescription privileges to psychologists. Compensation for psychotherapy has reduced significantly leading to incorporation of medication in the process of offering standard care to psychiatric patients (ISPN, 2001). In addition, prescription of medication and management is not a role that has been taken by the psychologists. Patients’ basses have decreased in terms of compensation trends and influence caused by new k nowledge regarding treatment standards. Therefore, this has led to effort by the clinical psychologist seek advocacy for prescription authority in cases involving psychotropic medication; in

IranianSyrian Relations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

IranianSyrian Relations - Essay Example Border clashes between Israel and Syria, occurring throughout 1960s, culminated into Arab-Israel war of 1967. After six days of war, Israel who fought against the Arab States of Egypt, Jordan and Syria, annexed much of Arab territory, including Golan heights southwest of Syria. Fighting around the Golan Heights continued between Israel and Syria because of mounting tension from the Palestine refugees entering Syria en masse. This resulted into Syria and Egypt going to war against Israel in 1973. Claiming a legal authority by Israel in the Golan Heights, quite antagonist to Syria's demand for Israel to relinquish its claim, further aggravated the hostilities in 1981. Tension between Syria and Israel aggravated when the former demanded the return of the Golan Heights and the creation of the sate of Palestine. As Syria plays a major role in the Middle East, she sent peacekeeping troops in Lebanon to stop a civil war there. But this force remained in Lebanon as late as 2005. In the meantime, however, Iraq invaded Kuwait in August 1990. An alliance of many countries including the United States and Syria was formed to oppose Iraq's illegal annexation of Kuwait. Over 20,000 Syrian troops fought against Iraqi forces to finally oust them from Kuwait in February 1991. After the death of Syrian president Hafiz-al- Assad in June 2000, his son Bashaar al-Assad succeeded him the same year. Many countries insisted Syria to withdraw its forces f... An alliance of many countries including the United States and Syria was formed to oppose Iraq's illegal annexation of Kuwait. Over 20,000 Syrian troops fought against Iraqi forces to finally oust them from Kuwait in February 1991. After the death of Syrian president Hafiz-al- Assad in June 2000, his son Bashaar al-Assad succeeded him the same year. Many countries insisted Syria to withdraw its forces from Lebanon. Rafik Hariri, a former premier of Lebanon was killed by a car bomb in Beirut, Lebanon. Accusations from all over held Syria to be responsible for Hariri's death. The assassination of Hariri triggered massive demonstrations and protests against Syrian for its withdrawal from Lebanon. Syria eventually withdrew from Lebanon in 2005. (Abu-Khalil As'ad, n.d.) Iran - A Brief Introduction Iran is one of the ancient countries in the Middle East and is situated to the southwest of Asia. It has snow-capped mountains, and its land abounds with green valleys, and barren deserts. Tehran, which is the largest city of Iran, is the country's capital. According to the ancient history of civilizations, Iran ranks as the world's oldest countries. The origin of human settlements in Iran is traced back in history to almost 5,000 years ago. The Persian Empire, which covered a vast territory of southwestern Asia and parts of Europe and Africa, had its seat of civilization based in what is now Iran. (Ansari Ali M, n.d.) Map of Iran Fact File - Iran Official Name: Islamic Republic of Iran Capital: Tehran Area: 636,372 sq miles Highest point: Mount Damavand (18,386 ft above sea-level) Official language: Persian (also called 'Farsi') Currency: Iranian Rial Population: 72,048,000 (two-third of Iranian people are of Aryan origin; 60 percent are