Reaction Paper 12 Years a Slave Example For Students

Reaction Paper 12 Years a Slave Even though I have learned about the institution of slavery, I never thought of the multitude of disturbing situations that could extend from it. The most poignant aspects of the movie that hit home for me was that of the slave women. Their situations are uniquely tougher, and as a woman myself, it is unimaginable the atrocities that they faced commonly. The first situation that was eye opening- was that of Eliza, a slave mother, being forcibly separated from her children as she begged and pleaded the white master’s to not do the unthinkable. Just recalling the scene gives me a sharp chill down my spine. The reality sinks in that slaves were traded and bought like livestock, and children suddenly separated from their mother’s in an instant based off one white man’s decision and pocketbook. Lives irrevocably changed and shattered in a human auction house, very tough to witness. I think it was important for the director Steve McQueen to include the subtle emotional response of the white preacher, Ford, had to Eliza’s pleas. He tried to buy Eliza’s daughter as well but was refused and there was little he could do about it, but it showed his humanity even as a â€Å"superior white† male amongst an institution that just â€Å"is what it is. The second side story that was heartbreaking to watch and realize, was that of slave girl Patsey. Even though she was the most efficient and quickest cotton picker on the plantation, she had to face the unbearable duality of lust/hatred of her Master Epps- who seemed to be both infatuated and disgusted with himself for his feelings towards her. Patsey not only incurred regular rape from Epps (the rape scene was particularly brutal), but she also had to deal with the wrath of Mistress Epps, for she was not blind to her husband’s infidelities and regularly encouraged him to whip her. The scene where Patsey begs Solomon to strangle her was particularly depressing, for if I were in her situation, I too would find more peace in death. My heart cried most for Patsey, for her plight echoes what I know must have been a very commonplace occurrence for slave girls. This movie overall was intensely hard to sit through, but I feel that the vicious reality of it is something that was eye opening and important for those of us in the present to reflect on and understand. What the movie does so well is put history into perspective, forces viewers to recognize the everyday horrors that was the slavery institution, which was true and real not so long ago. The film was able to stir up a storm of different emotions for me, sadness, horror, disgust- but most importantly, grateful; grateful for my freedom and for the liberties that I take for granted every single day. This film well deserved the three Oscars that it won, if not, for reminding us all that life, liberty, and freedom should and must remain a natural human right- and that history does not repeat itself in this way ever again.

Personal theory multidimensional theory of psychology

Introduction As a psychologist, an individual should be fully conversant with the way that people develop various behaviors, emotions, and thinking processes. This aspect is necessary for only then will a psychologist work on programs that can help in shaping of certain negative behaviors among his or her clients.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Personal theory: multidimensional theory of psychology specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Since people are diverse in many respects due to differing personalities coupled with behavioral and cognitive developments, this paper proposes a personal theory of approaching people’s psychological problems in a multidimensional perspective point of view. The paper argues that, the outward behaviors of an individual are akin to the personality of that person. The major task in presentation of this personal theory is seeking to identify the relationship between pers onality, outward behavior of people, and their psychological development processes. In this quest, three main psychological theories are worth focusing on: behavioral theories, cognitive theories, and personality theories. From the perspectives of the personality theories, this paper argues that, psychologists should consider the patterns of people’s thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that construct the uniqueness of an individual. On the other hand, cognitive theories focus â€Å"on internal states, such as motivation, problem solving, decision-making, thinking, and attention† (McAlister, Perry Parcel, 2008, p.168). From the contexts of behavioral theory, the paper finds its incorporation in the personal multidimensional theory necessary, since people acquire certain behaviors that determine their personality through conditioning. Additionally, crucial for consideration in the entire equation of the personal theory for resolution of people’s psychological chall enges is the embracement of roles of motivation in shaping people’s cognitions and behaviors. The purpose of incorporation of the three theories, in the multidimensional personal theory proposed in this paper, is pegged on the idea that, human thought motivation may amount to development of certain behaviors to differing people in different extents. Personality structures of people In an attempt to propose a personal theory to explain people’s behaviors from the contexts of personality structures, the meaning of the term personality should be pin pointed with regard to the proposed theory. For purposes of explanation in this section, the term â€Å"personality† will be taken to refer to differences among people or to underscore what makes people unique. Essentially, personality traits entangle individual differences.Advertising Looking for critical writing on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More For psychologists to deliver utmost good to their clients, it is significant that they cutely understand the elements that constitute the personality of the clients who are diverse and heterogeneous. In my personal theory, personality of people undergoes continuous changes akin to the differing exposure to experiences and to environmental factors such education. Sigmund Freud proposed three structures constituting the personality of individuals. These are ego, superego and id. Eissle (1990) argues, â€Å"Each of these structures is responsible for some aspect of our thinking and behavior† (p.198). Id is depictive of people’s needs desires, wants and instant gratification among other things. Even though many people may not be aware of this significant element of their psych, it entangles one of the crucial driving forces for determining individual behavior. Id runs deep in the innate want for individuals to have pleasure and to some extent indulgence. However, as Gay (1989 ) asserts, â€Å"Freud’s view, the id is totally unconscious; it has no contact with reality† (p.101). This implies that people have no control of some of the behaviors they develop. Opposed to id, the ego is personality aspect that develops as children grow. It occurs due to contact with reality. In psychology, this aspect is normally termed as â€Å"executive branch of personality because it used in reasoning to make decisions† (Eissle, 1990, p. 199). In my personal theory, element should be investigated in individuals since serving as a psychological counselor would demand that a stimuli is artificially created to prompt people to reason logically. This would help them in conducting a thorough analysis of their problem, so that a myriad of causes of the problems can be determined. From this myriad of causes, individuals can be capacitated to select the things they need to do and the things they do not have to do through reason as the basis of making their dec isions (Freud, 1923, p.147). To help in the realization of this noble role of a counselor, people should have the capacity to make decisions on the right and the wrong things: something that calls for magnificent deployment of the knowledge of personality’s aspect of superego. The superego aspect constitutes the moral aspect of people’s personality, â€Å"it takes into account whether something is right or wrong† (Eissle 1990, p.203). In the context of my personal theory, I believe that people decisions to make certain indulgences are prompted by their conscience. In my personal theory, I believe that the three elements of the personality, as proposed by Freud, continuously interact in a non-homogeneous manner. This means that one element of personality is always against the other. For instance, the superego and id make the ego aspect of personality face difficulties.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Personal theory: multidimensi onal theory of psychology specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Arguably, a scenario where the ego desires to steal from people, but with precautions to avoid being caught in fear of the legal consequences, can exemplify this argument. On the other hand, the ego says that it is necessary to steal amid the legal consequences since money is critical for pleasure in life. Nevertheless, the superego is continuously working. It nullifies the decisions taken by the other aspects of personality claiming that, it is inappropriate to steal since I would feel the same way in case other people steal from me. Therefore, it is necessary for the ego to resolve the emerging conflict between the demands placed by desires of the Id, and the limitations that are imposed by the superego. In this end, I suggest that this can be accomplished via defense mechanisms to ensure that reality is distorted. This makes the superego be amply protected from the imminent anxieties. This argument is perhaps more enhanced with consideration of the fact that â€Å"when the ego blocks the pleasurable pursuits of the id, inner anxiety is felt† (Eissle, 1990, p.201). The implication of this argument is that, it is widely anticipated that distressed conditions are anticipated whenever the ego element realizes that the id can cause any harm to an individual. Stemming from this argument, I believe that anxiety is the chief mechanism through which the ego is pushed to adjudicate the various eminent disputes by defending or justifying one’s position. Repressive defense mechanism is one of these defense mechanisms. In the words of Costa and McCrae, â€Å"repression is the most powerful and pervasive defense mechanism which according to Freud, it works to push unacceptable id impulse out of awareness and back into the unconscious mind† (1992, p.20). Arguably, repressive defense mechanism forms the pivot from which all other mechanism of def ense operates. This argument holds because I believe, just like Miller, that, â€Å"the overall objective of every mechanism of defense is to ensure that pushing or repression of impulses, which are threatening to the personality of an individual, are pushed out of individual awareness† (p.132). In addition to the three structures of personality proposed by Freud, I argue that personality cannot be the only theory for explaining people’s indulgences in some behaviors and not others. Consequently, other paradigms can be deployed to explain people’s behaviors such as behavioral theory, and cognitive theory. Behavioral theory Working as a psychological counselor would demand a counselor to have ample knowledge of the manner in which people develop various behaviors. This requirement is deemed necessary since I believe that not all behaviors among people are inborn- some are phenotypic. More interactively, behavioralism entangles â€Å"a theory of learning based on the perception that behaviors are acquired through conditioning† (Arnould, Price Zinkhan, 2004, p.108).Advertising Looking for critical writing on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More From the perspectives of my multidimensional personal theory, it is arguable that various forms of conditioning can take place through environmental interactions in which the environmental stimuli helps to construct people’s behaviors. Upon the construction of the behaviors, people become different depending on the environmental stimuli that they have been exposed to. Consequently, behavior conditioning becomes one of the ways of helping people to make choices on what to do and what they ought not to do. The applicability of behavioralism theory in counseling is pegged on the idea that, it is possible to learn people’s behaviors without necessarily having to consider the mental processes on such persons. In my counseling, I would approach conditioning from two dimensions. These are classical conditioning and operant conditioning. As argued before, the interaction between the ego, superego, and id produced anxieties. These anxieties can be reduced substantively by deplo yment of classical conditioning approaches in psychological counseling. For instance, supposing a tutor wants to apply the concepts of behavioral theory to induce positive learning in class. Classical conditioning can act a subtle tool for ensuring this endeavor is achieved by helping in minimization of classroom anxieties and fear. For example, when a situation that provokes anxiety; such and making students perform a task in front of their peers, providing a surrounding that is pleasant can enormously aid a student to learn new ways and associations. When such conditioning is done, it is possible for the student to calm and become relaxed instead of being tensed and or anxious. Consequently, repeated exposure to such situations may help to build strong personality within the students. Gay (1989) adds weight in this argument by positing that â€Å"classical conditioning technique is also useful in the treatment of phobia or anxiety problems† (p.67). The concept of classical conditioning applied to students may also be extended in other areas, where psychological counseling is required to induce positive personality, such as management of depression and low self-esteem amongst people. For the case of operant conditioning, Gay (1989) informs, â€Å"Reinforcement and punishment are an important concept in operant conditioning and an indispensable part of the learning process† (p.125). Through reinforcement schedules, it is possible to induce fast learning and fast instillation of desired behaviors. However, in my personal theory, I believe that human beings are freethinking beings who are guided by reason. Hence, it is not desired that punishment be administered to make people develop certain behaviors, which are then integrated in their personality traits. Consequently, no further treatment of operant conditioning is considered since it is not essential in my personal theory. Rather, I find it crucial to consider how cognitive development theory m ay interact with personality, so that it can be deployed in my multidimensional theory for psychology counseling. Cognitive theory The main concern of cognitive theory is the thinking processes deployed by people. â€Å"It also looks at how these thoughts processes influence how people understand and interact with the world† (McAlister, Perry, Parcel, 2008, p.169). The main question that remains is how I would apply cognitive theory, in my multidimensional theory, to induce healing process of psychologically related problems among different people. In this end, the fundamental premise akin to deployment of cognitive theory in the healing process lies in the grounds that, to induce healing, â€Å"the way we think about or perceive ourselves and others, determines how we respond to the world with our emotions and behaviors† (McAlister, Perry, Parcel, 2008, p.173). Thus, the overall goal of the healing process entails altering the manner in which people think about themse lves coupled with the way they perceive the environment around them, while not negating the entire world they live in. Cognitive theory is central in my multidimensional theory of psychological counseling. It acts as merger of both personality theory and behavioral theory: the three theories being the constituents of the multidimensional personal theory, because â€Å"cognitive theory is focused on the individual’s thoughts as the determinate of his or her emotions and behaviors and therefore personality† (Miller, 2005, p.105). This argument implies that without thoughts, people cannot develop emotions since they would not know when they are offended or treated justly. Without thoughts, behaviors would improbably function. Essentially, therefore, thoughts precede actions and feelings. In my personal theory, I believe that altering the manner in which people think may be an immense determinant of people capacity to manage moods, anxiety or even improve their relationshi ps with others. For example, if it could be possible to change the manner in which a student perceives a situation from the dimension that such an activity may bring forth astonishment to the dimension that the activity is an opportunity to display one’s capabilities, it would be possible to reduce the student’s anxieties to nearly zero percent. The only technique applied is altering the manner in which people view and think about the world and its reality. In the multidimensional personal theory, I believe that apart from the way an individual views the world, many other factors influence the manner in which one constructs the meaning of the daily encounters. This includes government, parents, family, the state of economy and education among other factors. Arguably, these factors are outside an individual and have an immense influence on the inner person’s thought processes. In approaching the psychological problems of people, under the multidimensional persona l theory, one of the substantive factors that may lead to make people develop psychological problems including anxiety is family. Wilson is also inclined in this line of view when he describes parents as the essential constituent element of a family that shapes the perceptions of their children and the environment within which they live (2001, p. 91). This implies that parents are essential in constructing the cognitions of children about the world, which houses them. The other factors play pivotal roles in helping the children build relationships and handle various situations encountered due to the cognitions developed due parental influence (Cloud, 1999, p.12). Consequently, in my personal theory I propose that a counselor should scrutinize the familial history of individuals in an attempt to evaluate why certain persons behave in the manner they do or why their personality is constructed in a given manner. The argument here is that, the outlined factors may act as subtle motivato rs of people’s actions. In this extent, it is essential that a counselor determine what motivates people in behaving the way they do, and what motivates people to develop the portrayed personality traits. Stemming from this argument, motivation amounts to one of the essential building blocks of my personal theory. Hence, consideration of what motivation means in the context of my personal theory is critical. Explanation of motivation Motivation may contribute to the cognitions, personalities and even behaviors that are developed by people. It can explain the actions and behaviors that are portrayed by people. In more interactive way, motivation â€Å"is identified as an inner drive that reflects goal oriented arousal† (Arnould et. al., 2004, p.259). Based on this definition, it is arguable that motivation is different to personality in the sense that it is a more abstract and a deeper concept that helps in focusing people’s attention towards achieving certain go als. One of such goals would entail success. In my personal theory, I propose that, studying people’s motivations is critical in helping to engineer subtle healing process, since it is also intertwined with individual traits and the social environment. These two factors are essential constituents of personality and behavioralism consecutively. Most paramount to note is that motivation is driven by various psychographic desires and needs of individuals such power, achievement, self esteem and also affiliation. People would thus tend to work and indulge in behaviors that would facilitate achievement of these needs. Essentially, studying people’s motivation may thus truncate in development of mechanisms of identifying the reasons as to why people portray certain phenotypic traits that are depictive of their personalities, these personalities being derived from their thinking processes (cognitions). Goals are essential motivators of behaviors. Therefore, it is arguable tha t whenever goals are not meet individual tend to get upset hence depicting their emotions and feelings. In this line of argument, Crabb (1986) further asserts that, failure to meet individual goals can give fertile grounds for portrayal of negative emotions (p.29). These results in making people feel worthless. In this context, I hold that all behaviors expressed by people have motivators. These behaviors would include even doing nothing. This point at concluding that, anything that a person does is accounted for by some reason. Hence, people who hardly do anything have a psychological problem, which needs treatment. Motivation is an incredible contributor to human development. In the context of my personal theory, human development implies the integrations of people’s cognitions (thinking process) and behaviors throughout the lifetime of a person. Thus, the experiences that people develop in their lifetime are critical in making them live mentally healthy or unhealthy. In th e prescription of treatment for mental psychological disorders, it is thus vital that a counselor make ample consideration of the experiences that people go through and why such situations occurred. The utmost goal here is to establish the motivators of the client’s circumstances leading to his or her condition. From the perspective of my personal theory, these motivators are traceable from the client’s personality, cognitions and behaviors, which are either intrinsically or extrinsically developed. Additionally, in the realm of personal motivations, the roles played by family stand centrally in determining behaviors and personalities of individuals. To exemplify this argument, Wilson notes that, children who are provided with security coupled with safety stands higher chances of growing into psychologically healthy individuals (2001, p. 97). Therefore, it is imperative to note that people who lack these two essential things may end up displaying antisocial behaviors c oupled with increased likelihoods of being negative thinkers. Effectiveness of my personal theory Incorporation of concepts of cognitive theory in my multidimensional theory is deemed fruitful, since many other researchers have used it successfully in treatment processes. Among the many other researchers who have contributed richly to this field, include Albert Ellis and Aaron Beck. As Eissle (1990) reckons, â€Å"Beck developed several assessment techniques such as the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) which are both exceptionally popular quick assessments of an individual’s functioning† (p.201). On the other hand, Ellis claims that cognitive theory concepts are critical in aiding to overcome numerous negative elements of personality. Additionally, a wide body of research has proved this idea, particularly when it comes to application of cognitive theory in treatment of disorders such as anxiety and depressive disorders, relational d ifficulties, interpersonal problems and agers among other psychological challenges. Indeed, according to Arnould et al. (2004) â€Å"some research even suggests that cognitive treatment, especially when combined with some behavioral aspects such as relaxation provides better and more long-lasting results than medication in the treatment of depression† (p.211). Although cognitive theory posses criticisms, it is anticipated that its criticisms are countered by the fact that my personal theory is multidimensional. Hence, it takes into consideration of the strengths of personality and behavioral theories. Conclusion Many psychological theories have been developed since Sigmund Freud developed the personality theory. For every theory, criticisms exist for its effectiveness in resulting to healing processes for psychological problems that people encounter. However, amid the challenges of any one theory, this paper recognizes that, every theory has elements of efficacy in contributi ng to the management of psychological problems. A personal theory- multidimensional theory is proposed. This theory cuts across personality, behavioral, and cognitive theory. The ability of this theory to result into relevant management of psychological problems faced by people is pegged on the idea that, as children grow, they develop cognitions of the world that they live in and reflect this cognition through their behaviors. In turn, these behaviors are depictive of their personalities. However, every behavior expressed outwardly by an individual is owed to certain forces of motivations. Consequently, my perusal theory maintains that, motivations are the central determinants of why people do some things and not others. Therefore, in the treatment processes, psychologists ought to study people’s motivations to their behaviors in the attempt to determine likely causes of their indulgences and thinking processes. Reference List Arnould, E., Price, l., Zinkhan, G. (2004). The ories of psychology. Boston: McGraw- Hill/Irwin. Cloud, H., Townsend, J. (1999). Boundaries in marriage. Grand Rapids: Zondervan Publishing House. Costa, P., McCrae, R. (1992). Normal personality assessment in clinical practice: The NEO Personality Inventory. Psychological Assessment, 45 (7), 20-22. Crabb, L. (1986). Effective biblical counseling: A model for helping caring Christians become capable counselors. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan. Eissle, K. (1990). The Origin and Development of Psychoanalysis. American Journal of Psychology, 21(2), 196–218. Freud, S. (1923). â€Å"Neurosis and Psychosis†. The Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud, Volume XIX (1923–1925): The Ego and the Id and Other Works. Oxford: Oxford publishers. Gay, P. (1989). The Freud Reader. New York: W.W. Norton. McAlister, A., Perry, L., Parcel, S. (2008). How Individuals, Environments, and Health Behaviors Interact: Social Cognitive Theory. San Francisco, CA : John Wiley Sons. Miller, K. (2005). Communication Theories: Perspectives, Processes, and Contexts. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. Wilson, S. (2001). Hurt people hurt people: Hope and healing for yourself and you relationships. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan. This critical writing on Personal theory: multidimensional theory of psychology was written and submitted by user Hadley Hendricks to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on Disarming

On September 11, 2002, we saw as a country what terrorists can do. It was the first time in my life; I had witness mass destruction in this country. The loss of so many human lives’s. People just trying to go to work, have a family, and make a living for themselves. On that day the people of this country gave up some of their freedom, and liberties that they took for granted. Because of this we saw President Bush focus his attention on Saddam Hussein. President Bush Believes that Saddam Hussein pursuit of weapons of mass destruction pose a grave danger, not only to his neighbors, but also to the United States. His regime aids, and protects terrorists, including members of Al Qaeda. He could decide secretly to provide weapons of mass destruction to terrorists to use against the Untied States. As of January 30, 2003, Eight European Leaders supported the disarming of Iraq. In a statement issue around the world, they express that more than ever in today’s world it is vital that we preserve unity, and cohesion. We know that success in the day-to-day battles against terrorism, and the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction demands unwarering determination, and firm international cohesion on the part of all countries for which freedom is precious. On January 30 the U.N. Weapons inspectors have confirmed that Saddam Hussein long-term established pattern of deception, denial and non-compliance with U.N. Security Council resolutions is continuing. Also on January 30, 2003, President Bush Expressed his gratitude to the eight European Leaders, and to other who are supportive of his efforts to make certain that Saddam Hussein is disarmed. But Diplomatic efforts to find a peaceful solution to the problem of Iraq’s failure to get rid of it’s weapons of mass destruction will continue indefinitely, President Bush said. The President is hoping ‘ the pressure of the free world† would convince Saddam Hussein to relinquis... Free Essays on Disarming Free Essays on Disarming On September 11, 2002, we saw as a country what terrorists can do. It was the first time in my life; I had witness mass destruction in this country. The loss of so many human lives’s. People just trying to go to work, have a family, and make a living for themselves. On that day the people of this country gave up some of their freedom, and liberties that they took for granted. Because of this we saw President Bush focus his attention on Saddam Hussein. President Bush Believes that Saddam Hussein pursuit of weapons of mass destruction pose a grave danger, not only to his neighbors, but also to the United States. His regime aids, and protects terrorists, including members of Al Qaeda. He could decide secretly to provide weapons of mass destruction to terrorists to use against the Untied States. As of January 30, 2003, Eight European Leaders supported the disarming of Iraq. In a statement issue around the world, they express that more than ever in today’s world it is vital that we preserve unity, and cohesion. We know that success in the day-to-day battles against terrorism, and the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction demands unwarering determination, and firm international cohesion on the part of all countries for which freedom is precious. On January 30 the U.N. Weapons inspectors have confirmed that Saddam Hussein long-term established pattern of deception, denial and non-compliance with U.N. Security Council resolutions is continuing. Also on January 30, 2003, President Bush Expressed his gratitude to the eight European Leaders, and to other who are supportive of his efforts to make certain that Saddam Hussein is disarmed. But Diplomatic efforts to find a peaceful solution to the problem of Iraq’s failure to get rid of it’s weapons of mass destruction will continue indefinitely, President Bush said. The President is hoping ‘ the pressure of the free world† would convince Saddam Hussein to relinquis...

Immigration Problem In The U.S. Essays - Demography, Population

Immigration Problem In The U.S. Essays - Demography, Population Immigration Problem in the U.S. The first move stopping immigration decided by Congress was a law in 1862 restricting American vessels to transport Chinese immigrants to the U.S. The Alien Contract Labor Laws of 1885, 1887, 1888, and 1891 restricted the immigration to the U.S. of people entering the country to work under contracts made before their arrival. Alien skilled laborers, under these laws, were allowed to enter the U.S. to work in new industries. By this time anti-immigrant felling rose with the flood of immigrants and in this period the anti-Catholic, anti-foreign political party the Know-Nothings, was already born. After World War I a marked increase in racism and the growth of isolationist sentiment in the U.S. led to demands for further tight legislation. In 1921 a congressional act provided for a quota system for immigrants, which the number of aliens of any nationality admitted to the U.S. in a year could not exceed 3 percent of the number of foreign-born residents of that nationality living in the U.S. in 1910. This law applied to nations of Europe, the Middle East, Africa, Australia, New Zealand, Asian Russia, and certain islands in the Atlantic and Pacific. In the 1980s concern about the surge of illegal aliens into the U.S. has led Congress to pass legislation aimed at cutting illegal immigration. The Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986 allows most illegal aliens who have resided in the U.S. regularly since January 1, 1982, to apply for legal status. Also, the law prohibits employers from hiring illegal aliens and mandates penalties for violations. Debate over immigration and immigration policy is not new to the nation's history. From time to time, Congress jarred legislation to control the flow of immigration. As immigration rises and hatred grows more laws will be implemented trying to release some of the pressure. Illegal immigration has some pros and cons. I will discuss the pros first and explain them briefly in order for you to get a better underezding of the position. It offers cheaper labor to businesses. By not paying minimum wages to the workers who are willing to work for a lower price, this gives the business an edge over other competitors. Provides culture diversity in the united states. Bringing in immigrants gives more and different cultures to the U.S.. which can expand businesses to other fields of the world. Also giving people a more underezding of other cultures. Lowers the cost of products produced in the U.S. that we buy. If the businesses can produce products and services at a low price keeping there overhead low, then we as a consumer will also pay a lower price. Most illegals are skilled workers and helps run the economy. Other countries economy is also being helped. The workers bring money to their families out side of the U.S. which in most cases the U.S. dollar has a higher value than their own. Experts disagree saying the cons of this issue out way the pros. Next I will discuss some cons and explain them briefly. Illegal immigrants pay no tax. If they pay no taxes then how can we as a country pay for public services we as well as they do. Sending money out of our economy and sending it to their families abroad. If money is taken out of our economy it causes a monetary problem. this can cause an inaccurate account of money in circulation which might cause inflation. Lower wages. If an illegal is willing to work for under the minimum wage then the employer will not pay more for the job to any other employ. In fact might higher only illegals and take away jobs form legal residents who are willing to work. When illegals come to this country they do not get tested for diseases that might infect the population. Which can cause a health problem. Such as polio, tuberculosis and other forms of diseases. Illegals cost the states money, paying for education, health care, and other social services. In an already under funded programs they give these services a more heavy burden to deal with. Republicans have reached agreement among themselves on legislation designed to combat illegal immigration. But with their package facing delaying tactics from

The Main Monetary and Fiscal Policy Instruments Available to the Essay

The Main Monetary and Fiscal Policy Instruments Available to the British Government - Essay Example rend of contracting and competitive tendering so that services improve through competition between the private and public sector in such areas as NHS catering, laundry and cleaning services along with infrastructure development and correction services. The government has initiated such schemes as value for money for its departments by setting performance parameters in increased numbers (Riley, â€Å"Fiscal Policy,† par. 7). Demand and Supply-side Policy Demand and supply side policies are government tools that help it to achieve policy aims. The demand side policies of the UK government are: 1. Fiscal policy—it is related to levying of taxes and government outlays. 2. Monetary policy—it governs issues like rate of interest and flow of money. 3. Exchange rate policy—it involves shuffling in the rate of Sterling Pound. Supply-side Policies 1. Help the government in boosting competition and performance in product markets. 2. Help in increasing of competition and production in factor markets, particularly labour markets. 3. Help in boosting the domestic savings by offering incentives. 4. Offer attractive schemes to firms for increased production and investment (Economics Online, â€Å"Fiscal Policy,† par. 6). Fiscal Policy It is the planned attempts to change the government outlay or taxation to gain desired macroeconomic results by manipulation in aggregate demand. There are two classes of fiscal policies, discretionary and automatic. 1. Discretionary policy. It is related to such policies that are formulated and enforced by one-off policy changes. 2. Automatic policy helps in stabilizing the economy by fiscal drag and fiscal boost (Economics Online par. 1). Fiscal Drag It diminishes the effect of increased income for goods as taxes are levied in increased ratios....An active fiscal policy increases the chances of deficit budgeting which is central to Keynesianism; it is still a trend of the British government to boost the morale of the money markets by not indulging in grand scale fiscal surpluses. Under the New Labour government, the fiscal policy plays a passive role in changing the budget deficit position over a business cycle but it should not mean that the New Labour government has terminated the active fiscal policy in principle; it has been ‘coarse-tuning’ the fiscal policy to get positive vibes. The New Labour does not deny a desired rate of unemployment, delinking any correlation between inflation and unemployment, which shows that in macroeconomic policy no setting in aggregate and effective demand is possible. The concept of interplay between supply and demand sides and their relation with unemployment can be clearly seen in the New Labour government. The need for interaction between both microeconomic and macroeconomic policies is needed for growth, stability and employment. Supply-side issues are important but demand jerks are risky. The New Labour government is nearer to Keynesia n in identifying that demand alone cannot ensure stability in employment, a crucial feature of New Labour’s political economy. One thing is clear that policies of the New Labour government have not promoted competitiveness. It is significant to note that the New Labour government has not faced a test of its macroeconomic policies in recession time although Britain’s macroeconomic policies have reduced the tremors felt by France and Germany in 2002-03.

Do you agree the impossibility of measuring the size of ecological Essay

Do you agree the impossibility of measuring the size of ecological footprints accurately undermines the idea of ecological citizenship - Essay Example rol the rate of individual man’s exploitation of natural resources, but the question that arises in this context is: can the ecological footprint support and incorporate corporate citizenship or does it actually undermine it? This study examines whether and to what extent, the ecological footprint can contribute towards environmental sustainability and how far it promotes or undermines a spirit of ecological citizenship. The co-creator of the concept of ecological footprint is Mathis Wackermagel, who in an interview, pointed out that there must be some degree of relative parity in the use of Earth’s resources among individuals from different parts of the planet.1 The ecological footprint offers a measurable tool that can determine how much of land and water resources humans need in order to be able to produce the resources they use and to absorb the wastes they generate, and this has been pegged at a footprint of 4.5 acres per person. But in the United States, the average size of this footprint is much larger, i.e, about 24 acres, which suggests that the average American citizen uses up much more than his or her fair share of the resources of the Planet.2 An ecological footprint may be defined as a â€Å"measurement of the land area required to sustain a population of any size.†3 Wackernagel, the co-creator of the ecological footprint, has defined it as â€Å"the land (and water) area that would be required to support a defined human population and material standard indefinitely.†4 Every individual uses certain basic amenities such as food, electricity and other basic amenities in order to survive and these resources need to be derived within the constraints of nature by using raw natural resources. An ecological footprint thus seeks to determine the amount of both land and water resources that must be used by every individual in order to sustain a population of any size over a future continuous period, with such an assessment being made on the basis of the

The Diversity Board Assignment Essay Example for Free

The Diversity Board Assignment Essay 1. 2-3 pages typed, double-spaced, using 12 pt. Times New Roman font. 2. 2-3 sources required using APA format—Magazines, Books, Newspaper Articles, Internet Articles, etc. a. Resources for using APA format and for evaluating internet sources: i. Pg. 237 of Guidebook: Sample Bibliographic Citations in APA format ii. Purdue OWL: APA formatting guide: http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/01/ iii. Pg. 239 of Guidebook: â€Å"Checklist for Evaluating Information Found on the Internet† 3. Title page required. 4. Use at least 3 of the class topics listed on pg. 50 of your guidebook (under â€Å"7 Written Responses†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ) b. Please BOLD these terms within your paper so they are easy for me to find. 5. Answer the 7 written responses—1 paragraph per question. c. The first question is more of an introduction to your diversity role and should contain a thesis statement previewing your paper as its last sentence. d. Include an 8th conclusion paragraph at the end—reiterate your main points/thesis and give a solid conclusion. 6. Write in 1st person—i.e., â€Å"My morning is much like everyone else’s†¦Ã¢â‚¬  e. Feel free to be creative and create a completely new character with a unique name, job, lifestyle, etc. 7. Edit your final draft for grammar and punctuation errors. At LEAST hit â€Å"spell check†!! 8. Please only print on one side of the paper. 9. Rip out pg. 53 of your Guidebook (the grading rubric) and staple it to the back of your final paper. This is what I will use to grade your essay. Guidebook Page Numbers: * pp. 49-50: Full Description of Assignment * p. 53: Grading Rubric that you must turn in to me BLANK * p. 55-60 pp. 61-65: Sample diversity board papers (your papers should look and sound like these!) I am A Muslim In America David Poku My name is Ahil, my name is from Arabic decent and means Prince. I was born very dark skinned. I am now 21 years old man living in America and I am Muslim, it is for this reason that I have been both blessed and cursed. As a Muslim, we are just like most any people aside from the fact that we are not entitled to drink alcohol, have any type of pork, and no sex outside of marriage. I live in Austin, TX. The people here are very different yet in many instances can seem to be the exact same. The word Muslim is an Arabic word that means â€Å"One who submits to Allah and Allah as the one and only one God with no partner, no son, no companion, no associate, and no equivalence.†(). I came to America for an opportunity that I could not be granted in the place of my birth. Since I could remember I have aspired to be a great car salesman. When I was young and living in Jordan, everyone always spoke of doing whatever they could to try and get an opportunity to come and find success in t his so called wonderful place called America, but I am here to tell my fellow people that why there is a great set of opportunities beset upon those who travel here, there is also two sides to this story. My religion is a s just a part of me as the air that I breathe, or the food that I eat, or the very water that I drink, but for the life of me, I have tried to in almost every way possible to conceal this. All of the stories and the things that I heard from the place of my birth were crammed with positive affirmations of achieving a dream that can be attained with hard work and time, but like I said before there is two sides to every story. When I came here, I was told that people were more accepting to various cultures, but after a terrorist incident that the people in America call 9/11, the public eye has since seemed to scrutinize people who follow the Islamic foundations. Apparently the people tied to the terrorist attack were of Middle Eastern decent and because of that fact the masses of America seemed to have all adopted the inconsistent notion that these people followed this religion. This is the first curse and a blessing that I have been brought acknowledge. The ignorance of people permeates me, I have tried to educate the few that I was unfortunate enough to engage in a conversation that dealt with this, thinking that maybe if I educate a few the word would somehow get out and spread to those who belief this faulty notion that everyone who is Muslim is a part of some secret terrorist regime and cannot be trusted. Five years passed as I spread the word to many and many more. I started my own church and preached the true word of Islam to everyone, it didn’t matter what religion they were, what the color of their skin was, or what the once thought before, as long as I could burden them with the truth. Do not be confused, I was not pressing my religions beliefs to change or convert the religion ideologies of others, I just wanted to let everyone know the true meaning of y religious foundation. I was now 26 years old, with a wife, Sara, and 2 kids, and I had spread around 3 different church facilities in Austin. My boy who was 6 years olds name was Aaban, and my daughter, who was 8, was named Manha. One day I was taking my family to the airport to go visit the place of my birth. I realized something very peculiar, as we were boarding, the people in the airport stared at my family, as if we were doing something wrong. You see some people can easily identify Muslim people sometimes; my wife and daughter were wearing Shawls that day. In the Muslim religion, women are supposed to cover their hair as means of being modest. Many people in American may not know or understand this. As a people we tend to fear or express caution to things we do not understand. It was then and only then did I realize that no matter how many ears I reached with my initiative to spread the true meaning of Islam that it would not change a thing. These people seem to hold the people who identify with Muslim as a whole responsible for the terrorist attack that took place on 9/11. It was because of the realization of this fact that I handed off the ownership/pastoring of my churches to another individual who I had met that was willing to take it over. I sought to become the car salesman that I had always aspired to be. I sent out more than a thousand applications in one month, driving from place to place. I met with over 100 managers for different car salesman jobs, and on my own free time took all the spare time I had to learn about cars. Every single meeting I went to, I was met with a sort of indifferent look, that always followed wit where are you from? By the time I was 30, I knew everything there was to know about cars, I even at times impressed interviewees that were questioning me because I had known things that their staff did not, but one small fact remained, I still had not found a job. I was beginning to lose hope, but my nature was to strive for success at any cost, I could not let my family down. One day when I was at a Starbucks parking lot, I saw a very young man with the hood of what looked like his car up and there were clouds of smoke engulfing the engine. I went over for assistance, and saw that this man was a well versed with car mechanics, yet he was flawed with one aspect of what he was doing. I asked the young man if I could fix his car for him. I saw a very arrogant smile on his face, and he said you can give it a try. Ten minutes later I had his car running. When I waked to go shut the hood of his car, I was met with a very firm handshake of another man, an older man, the man looked familiar. He shook my hand, and said, I thank you for fixing my car. He looked at my kind of funny and said: â€Å"aren’t you the man who started that set of churches a couple years back?† I replied yes, but I am no longer running those churches. The man replied: â€Å" I have always was admired your way with people and wanted to tell you about an opportunity. You see.. I run a car dealership wanted to see if you would be interested in working with me? I smiled and told the man, that the foundation of Islamic faith is peace and at this very moment I have found it, through all of the prejudice, the ignorance that has beset itself upon my family and I, I am now in a place where I can surrender myself to my god and derive peace and it is for that, that I thank you. So this message is for everyone that plans to come to America, this is the other side of the story, you will be faced with prejudice, with people who fear you because they do not understand you, you will hesitate and may start to resent your decent or question your religion, but I am here to tell you when you find peace you will finally see that the curse is a blessing in disguise. References Associated Press, (10/24/12). Spying on the Muslim Community. Muslim In America, pp. 1-2. Rauf, Feisal. A. (April 1, 2011). Five Myths About Muslims. American Muslims, N/A pp. 1-2.